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内核TCP在收到SYN报文时,会根据报文的目的IP和Port,在本地匹配处于LISTEN状态的套接字进行握手过程。

4.17版本以前的listen套接字查找

The current listener hashtable is hashed by port only. When a process is listening at many IP addresses with the same port (e.g.[IP1]:443, [IP2]:443... [IPN]:443), the inet[6]_lookup_listener() performance is degraded to a link list. It is prone to syn attack.

4.17版本之前,TCP的listener socket是按port进行hash,然后插入到对应的冲突链表中的。这就使得如果很多个listen套接字都侦听同一个port,就会使得链表拉得比较长, 这种情况在3.9版本引入REUSEPORT之后更加严重

图

举个栗子,主机上启动了6个listener,它们都侦听21端口,因此被放到同一条链表上(其中sk_B使用了REUSEPORT)。如果此时收到一个目标位1.1.1.4:21的SYN连接请求,内核在查找listenr的时候,始终会从头开始遍历到尾,直到找到匹配的sk_D

4.17版本:在两个hashtable中查找

4.17版本增加了一个新的hashtable(lhash2)来组织listen套接字,这个lhash2是按port+addr作为key进行hash的,而原来按port进行hash的hashtable保持不变。换句话说,同一个listen套接字会同时放到两个hashtable中(例外情况是,如果它绑定的本地地址是0.0.0.0,则只会放到原来的hashtable中)

lhash2增加了addr作为key,也就增加hash的随机性。还是以上面的例子为例,此时,原来的sk_A~C可能就被hash到其他冲突链了,当然与此同时,也有可能有原来在其他冲突链上的sk_E被hash到lhash2[0]这条冲突链。

图

因此在listen套接字的查找时,内核会根据SYN报文中的port+addr,同时计算出满足条件的套接字应该在两个hashtable中所属的链表,然后比较这两个链表的长度,如果在1st链表长度不长或者小于2nd链表的长度,则还是以原来的方式,在1st链表中进行查找,否则就在2nd链表中进行查找。

                     struct inet_hashinfo *hashinfo,
                     struct sk_buff *skb, int doff,
@@ -217,10 +306,42 @@ struct sock *__inet_lookup_listener(struct net *net,
     unsigned int hash = inet_lhashfn(net, hnum);
     struct inet_listen_hashbucket *ilb = &hashinfo->listening_hash[hash];
     bool exact_dif = inet_exact_dif_match(net, skb);
+    struct inet_listen_hashbucket *ilb2;
     struct sock *sk, *result = NULL;
     int score, hiscore = 0;
+    unsigned int hash2;
     u32 phash = 0;
 
+    if (ilb->count <= 10 || !hashinfo->lhash2)
+        goto port_lookup;
+
+    /* Too many sk in the ilb bucket (which is hashed by port alone).
+     * Try lhash2 (which is hashed by port and addr) instead.
+     */
+
+    hash2 = ipv4_portaddr_hash(net, daddr, hnum);
+    ilb2 = inet_lhash2_bucket(hashinfo, hash2);
+    if (ilb2->count > ilb->count)
+        goto port_lookup;
+
+    result = inet_lhash2_lookup(net, ilb2, skb, doff,
+                    saddr, sport, daddr, hnum,
+                    dif, sdif);
+    if (result)
+        return result;
+
+    /* Lookup lhash2 with INADDR_ANY */
+
+    hash2 = ipv4_portaddr_hash(net, htonl(INADDR_ANY), hnum);
+    ilb2 = inet_lhash2_bucket(hashinfo, hash2);
+    if (ilb2->count > ilb->count)
+        goto port_lookup;
+
+    return inet_lhash2_lookup(net, ilb2, skb, doff,
+                  saddr, sport, daddr, hnum,
+                  dif, sdif);
+
+port_lookup:
     sk_for_each_rcu(sk, &ilb->head) {
         score = compute_score(sk, net, hnum, daddr,
                       dif, sdif, exact_dif);

5.0版本:只在2nd hashtable中查找

内核在5.0版本又将查找方式改为了只在2nd hashtable中进行查找。这样修改的原因是按原来的查找方式,如果选择了在1st hashtable中进行查找,可能发生在通配地址(0.0.0.0)和特定地址(比如1.1.1.1)都侦听同一个Port时,反而匹配上通配地址的listener的问题。这其实不是4.17版本的锅,而是在3.9版本引入SO_PORTREUSE就已经存在了!

来看看怎么回事:

图

设置了SO_REUSEPORTsk_Ask_B同时侦听21端口,如果sk_A是后启动,那么它将添加到链表头,这样当收到一个1.1.1.2:21的报文时,内核会发现sk_A就已经匹配了,它就不会再去尝试匹配更精确的sk_B!这显然不好,要知道在SO_REUSEPORT进入内核之前,内核会遍历整个链表,对每个套接字进行匹配程度打分(compute_score)。

5.0版本修改为只在2nd hashtable中进行查找,并且修改了compute_score的实现方式,如果侦听地址与报文的目的地址不相同,则直接算匹配失败。而在之前,通配地址是可以直接通过这项检查的。

查找方式的修改:

struct sock *__inet_lookup_listener(struct net *net,
                     const __be32 daddr, const unsigned short hnum,
                     const int dif, const int sdif)
 {
-    unsigned int hash = inet_lhashfn(net, hnum);
-    struct inet_listen_hashbucket *ilb = &hashinfo->listening_hash[hash];
-    bool exact_dif = inet_exact_dif_match(net, skb);
     struct inet_listen_hashbucket *ilb2;
-    struct sock *sk, *result = NULL;
-    int score, hiscore = 0;
+    struct sock *result = NULL;
     unsigned int hash2;
-    u32 phash = 0;
-
-    if (ilb->count <= 10 || !hashinfo->lhash2)
-        goto port_lookup;
-
-    /* Too many sk in the ilb bucket (which is hashed by port alone).
-     * Try lhash2 (which is hashed by port and addr) instead.
-     */
 
     hash2 = ipv4_portaddr_hash(net, daddr, hnum);
     ilb2 = inet_lhash2_bucket(hashinfo, hash2);
-    if (ilb2->count > ilb->count)
-        goto port_lookup;
 
     result = inet_lhash2_lookup(net, ilb2, skb, doff,
                     saddr, sport, daddr, hnum,
@@ -335,34 +313,12 @@ struct sock *__inet_lookup_listener(struct net *net,
         goto done;
 
     /* Lookup lhash2 with INADDR_ANY */
-
     hash2 = ipv4_portaddr_hash(net, htonl(INADDR_ANY), hnum);
     ilb2 = inet_lhash2_bucket(hashinfo, hash2);
-    if (ilb2->count > ilb->count)
-        goto port_lookup;
 
     result = inet_lhash2_lookup(net, ilb2, skb, doff,
-                    saddr, sport, daddr, hnum,
+                    saddr, sport, htonl(INADDR_ANY), hnum,
                     dif, sdif);
-    goto done;
-
-port_lookup:
-    sk_for_each_rcu(sk, &ilb->head) {
-        score = compute_score(sk, net, hnum, daddr,
-                      dif, sdif, exact_dif);
-        if (score > hiscore) {
-            if (sk->sk_reuseport) {
-                phash = inet_ehashfn(net, daddr, hnum,
-                             saddr, sport);
-                result = reuseport_select_sock(sk, phash,
-                                   skb, doff);
-                if (result)
-                    goto done;
-            }
-            result = sk;
-            hiscore = score;
-        }
-    }

打分部分的修改

@@ -234,24 +234,16 @@ static inline int compute_score(struct sock *sk, struct net *net,
                 const int dif, const int sdif, bool exact_dif)
 {
     int score = -1;
-    struct inet_sock *inet = inet_sk(sk);
-    bool dev_match;
 
-    if (net_eq(sock_net(sk), net) && inet->inet_num == hnum &&
+    if (net_eq(sock_net(sk), net) && sk->sk_num == hnum &&
             !ipv6_only_sock(sk)) {
-        __be32 rcv_saddr = inet->inet_rcv_saddr;
-        score = sk->sk_family == PF_INET ? 2 : 1;
-        if (rcv_saddr) {
-            if (rcv_saddr != daddr)
-                return -1;
-            score += 4;
-        }
-        dev_match = inet_sk_bound_dev_eq(net, sk->sk_bound_dev_if,
-                         dif, sdif);
-        if (!dev_match)
+        if (sk->sk_rcv_saddr != daddr)
+            return -1;
+
+        if (!inet_sk_bound_dev_eq(net, sk->sk_bound_dev_if, dif, sdif))
             return -1;
-        score += 4;
 
+        score = sk->sk_family == PF_INET ? 2 : 1;
         if (sk->sk_incoming_cpu == raw_smp_processor_id())
             score++;
     }

附录:完整补丁

inet: Add a 2nd listener hashtable (port+addr) inet_connection_sock.h
inet: Add a 2nd listener hashtable (port+addr) inet_hashtables.h
inet: Add a 2nd listener hashtable (port+addr) inet_hashtables.c
net: tcp: prefer listeners bound to an address inet_hashtables.c


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