Django 20200424 博客开发 017

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笨小孩
    阅读 8 分钟

    使用django自定义模板标签

    使用Django Form实现的功能包含一下几个图：
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    知识拓展：
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    将blog_detail.html中的form标签粘贴到公共的templates/login.html中，

    {% extends 'base.html' %}
{% load static %}


{% block title %}
    我的网站|登录
{% endblock %}


{% block nav_home_active %}active{% endblock %}


{% block content %}
    <div class="containter">
        <div class="row">
            <div class="col-xs-4 col-xs-offset-4">
                <div class="panel panel-default">
                    <div class="panel-heading">
                        <h3 class="panel-title">登录</h3>
                    </div>
                    <div class="panel-body">
                        <form action="" method="POST">
                            {% csrf_token %}
                            {% for field in login_form %}
                                <label for="{{ field.id_for_label }}">{{ field.label }}</label>
                                {{ field }}
                                <p class="text-danger">{{ field.errors.as_text }}</p>
                            {% endfor %}
                            <span class="pull-left text-danger">{{ login_form.non_field_errors }}</span>
                            <input type="submit" value="登录" class="btn btn-primary pull-right">
                        </form>
                    </div>
                </div>                
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>    
{% endblock %}

    重写mysite/views.py中的login函数（反向解析获取首页链接）

    from .forms import LoginForm, RegForm
...
def login(request):
    if request.method == 'POST':
        login_form = LoginForm(request.POST)
        if login_form.is_valid():
            user = login_form.cleaned_data['user']
            auth.login(request, user)
            return redirect(request.GET.get('from', reverse('home')))
    else:
        login_form = LoginForm()


    context = {}
    context['login_form'] = login_form
    return render(request, 'login.html', context)

    在blog_detail.html中的登录前面加：您尚未登陆...

    您尚未登录，登录之后方可评论~
<a class="btn btn-primary" href="{% url 'login' %}?from={{ request.get_full_path }}">登录</a>
<span> or </span>
<a class="btn btn-danger" href="{% url 'register' %}?from={{ request.get_full_path }}">注册</a>

    然后使用Django Form：

    在mysite中创建forms.py文件，然后创建loginForm函数

    from django import forms
from django.contrib import auth
from django.contrib.auth.models import User


class LoginForm(forms.Form):
    username = forms.CharField(label='用户名',
                               widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={'class':'form-control', 'placeholder':'请输入用户名'}))
    password = forms.CharField(label='密码',
                               widget=forms.PasswordInput(attrs={'class':'form-control', 'placeholder':'请输入密码'}))


    def clean(self):
        username = self.cleaned_data['username']
        password = self.cleaned_data['password']


        user = auth.authenticate(username=username, password=password)
        if user is None:
            raise forms.ValidationError('用户名或密码不正确')
        else:
            self.cleaned_data['user'] = user
        return self.cleaned_data

    然后增加注册功能：
    在forms.py中增加RegForm的类：

    # forms.py
class RegForm(forms.Form):
    """
    用户注册功能实现
    """
    username = forms.CharField(label='用户名',
                               max_length=30,
                               min_length=3,
                               widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={'class':'form-control', 'placeholder':'请输入3-30位用户名'}))
    email = forms.EmailField(label='邮箱',
                             widget=forms.EmailInput(attrs={'class':'form-control', 'placeholder':'请输入邮箱'}))
    password = forms.CharField(label='密码',
                               min_length=6,
                               widget=forms.PasswordInput(attrs={'class':'form-control', 'placeholder':'请输入密码'}))
    password_again = forms.CharField(label='再输入一次密码',
                                     min_length=6,
                                     widget=forms.PasswordInput(attrs={'class':'form-control', 'placeholder':'再输入一次密码'}))


    def clean_username(self):
        """
        针对用户名进行验证
        """
        username = self.cleaned_data['username']
        if User.objects.filter(username=username).exists():
            raise forms.ValidationError('用户名已存在')
        return username


    def clean_email(self):
        """
        针对用户邮箱进行验证
        """
        email = self.cleaned_data['email']
        if User.objects.filter(email=email).exists():
            raise forms.ValidationError('邮箱已存在')
        return email


    def clean_password_again(self):
        """
        验证再次输入的密码是否和上面第一次输入的密码一致
        """
        password = self.cleaned_data['password']
        password_again = self.cleaned_data['password_again']
        if password != password_again:
            raise forms.ValidationError('两次输入的密码不一致')
        return password_again

    在mysite/views.py中增加对注册功能的处理函数，和login函数基本一样

    from .forms import LoginForm, RegForm
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
...
def register(request):
    """
    注册功能的视图处理函数
    """
    if request.method == 'POST':
        reg_form = RegForm(request.POST)
        if reg_form.is_valid():
            """
            因为前端需要这些参数，所以这里先从后端提取，然后返回给前端
            """
            username = reg_form.cleaned_data['username']
            email = reg_form.cleaned_data['email']
            password = reg_form.cleaned_data['password']
            # 创建用户
            user = User.objects.create_user(username, email, password)
            user.save()
            # 登录用户
            user = auth.authenticate(username=username, password=password)
            auth.login(request, user)
            return redirect(request.GET.get('from', reverse('home')))
    else:
        reg_form = RegForm()


    context = {}
    context['reg_form'] = reg_form
    return render(request, 'register.html', context)

    在总的mysite/urls.py中增加register的路由匹配

    path('register/', views.register, name='register'),

    在公共的templates中新建register.html，内容和login.html一样，区别就是登录改成注册，然后增加几个标签即可：

    {% extends 'base.html' %}
{% load static %}


{% block title %}
    我的网站|注册
{% endblock %}


{% block nav_home_active %}active{% endblock %}


{% block content %}
    <div class="containter">
        <div class="row">
            <div class="col-xs-4 col-xs-offset-4">
                <div class="panel panel-default">
                    <div class="panel-heading">
                        <h3 class="panel-title">注册</h3>
                    </div>
                    <div class="panel-body">
                        <form action="" method="POST">
                            {% csrf_token %}
                            {% for field in reg_form %}
                                <label for="{{ field.id_for_label }}">{{ field.label }}</label>
                                {{ field }}
                                <p class="text-danger">{{ field.errors.as_text }}</p>
                            {% endfor %}
                            <span class="pull-left text-danger">{{ reg_form.non_field_errors }}</span>
                            <input type="submit" value="注册" class="btn btn-primary pull-right">
                        </form>
                    </div>
                </div>                
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>    
{% endblock %}

    成果展示：
    image.png
    image.png
    image.png

    javascript前端pythondjango数据库
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