Python爬虫，30秒爬取3000+篇微信文章

引言

由于工作需要，给公司前端做了一个小工具，使用python语言，爬取搜狗微信的微信文章，附搜狗微信官方网址

搜狗微信：https://weixin.sogou.com/

从热门到时尚圈，并且包括每个栏目下面的额加载更多内容选项

一共加起来3000+篇文章

需求

爬取这些文章获取到每篇文章的标题和右侧的图片，将爬取到的图片以规定的命名方式输出到规定文件夹中，并将文章标题和图片名称对应输出到Excel和txt中

效果

完整代码如下

Package                   Version
------------------------- ---------
altgraph                  0.17
certifi                   2020.6.20
chardet                   3.0.4
future                    0.18.2
idna                      2.10
lxml                      4.5.2
pefile                    2019.4.18
pip                       19.0.3
pyinstaller               4.0
pyinstaller-hooks-contrib 2020.8
pywin32-ctypes            0.2.0
requests                  2.24.0
setuptools                40.8.0
urllib3                   1.25.10
XlsxWriter                1.3.3
xlwt                      1.3.0

# !/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
import os

import requests
import xlsxwriter
from lxml import etree

# 请求微信文章的头部信息
headers = {
    'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.9',
    'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate, br',
    'Accept-Language': 'zh-CN,zh;q=0.9',
    'Host': 'weixin.sogou.com',
    'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/85.0.4183.102 Safari/537.36'
}
# 下载图片的头部信息
headers_images = {
    'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.9',
    'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate',
    'Accept-Language': 'zh-CN,zh;q=0.9',
    'Host': 'img01.sogoucdn.com',
    'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/85.0.4183.102 Safari/537.36'
}
a = 0
all = []

# 创建根目录
save_path = './微信文章'
folder = os.path.exists(save_path)
if not folder:
    os.makedirs(save_path)
# 创建图片文件夹
images_path = '%s/图片' % save_path
folder = os.path.exists(images_path)
if not folder:
    os.makedirs(images_path)
for i in range(0, 20):
    for j in range(1, 10):
        url = "https://weixin.sogou.com/pcindex/pc/pc_%d/%d.html" % (i, j)
        # 请求搜狗文章的url地址
        response = requests.get(url=url, headers=headers).text.encode('iso-8859-1').decode('utf-8')
        # 构造了一个XPath解析对象并对HTML文本进行自动修正
        html = etree.HTML(response)
        # XPath使用路径表达式来选取用户名
        xpath = html.xpath('/html/body/li')
        for content in xpath:
            # 计数
            a = a + 1
            # 文章标题
            title = content.xpath('./div[@class="txt-box"]/h3//text()')[0]
            author_ = content.xpath('./div[@class="txt-box"]/div/a//text()')
            article = {}
            # 作者存在
            if author_:
                article['title'] = title
                article['id'] = '%d.jpg' % a
                article['author'] = author_
                all.append(article)
                # 图片路径
                path = 'http:' + content.xpath('./div[@class="img-box"]//img/@src')[0]
                # 下载文章图片
                images = requests.get(url=path, headers=headers_images).content
                try:
                    with open('%s/%d.jpg' % (images_path, a), "wb") as f:
                        print('正在下载第%d篇文章图片' % a)
                        f.write(images)
                except Exception as e:
                    print('下载文章图片失败%s' % e)
# 信息存储在excel中
# 创建一个workbookx
workbook = xlsxwriter.Workbook('%s/Excel格式.xlsx' % save_path)
# 创建一个worksheet
worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet()
print('正在生成Excel...')
try:
    for i in range(0, len(all) + 1):
        # 第一行用于写入表头
        if i == 0:
            worksheet.write(i, 0, 'title')
            worksheet.write(i, 1, 'id')
            worksheet.write(i, 2, 'author')
            continue
        author_ = all[i - 1]['author']
        # 作者存在
        if author_:
            worksheet.write(i, 2, author_[0])
            worksheet.write(i, 0, all[i - 1]['title'])
            worksheet.write(i, 1, all[i - 1]['id'])
    workbook.close()
    print("生成Excel成功")
except Exception as e:
    print('生成Excel失败%s' % e)
print('正在生成txt...')
try:
    with open('%s/数组格式.txt' % save_path, "w") as f:
        f.write(str(all))
        print('生成txt成功')
except Exception as e:
    print('生成txt失败%s' % e)
print('共爬取%d篇文章' % a)

最后将程序打包成exe文件，在windows系统下可以直接运行程序
我使用的是pyinstaller

// 安装pyinstaller
pip install pyinstaller
// 打包成exe文件
pyinstaller -F weixin.py

执行exe文件

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