给你一个json字符串,在不使用evalJSON.parsenew Function的情况下自己写函数解析成json对象,你会怎么实现呢?

json的一个特点是数组与对象之间可以相互嵌套,并且无限层级的嵌套,这也是解析json最麻烦的地方。

1、思路:栈思想

“栈”的特性:先进后出(栈只有一个入口和出口,入口就是出口)
现实生活中的物体描述栈: 乒乓球桶,它只有一端可以打开,另一端是封闭的,最先放进去的乒乓球最后才能拿的出来
数据结构: 在JavaScript中实现“栈”的最好数据结构是数组
思路:

  • 1、定义两个栈,栈1(stack1)用例存储json对象,栈2(stack2)用来存储json对象的key和value;定义一个变量用来存储双引号的数量dabbleQuotCount;定义一个变量保存截取的字符串
  • 2、循环整个json字符串,然后一个一个字符的截取json字符串的第一个字符

    • 判断第一个字符是否以{[ 开头,如果是以它们开头,则表示遇到了一个对象或数组,此时需要往栈1中添加一个空对象或空数组,往栈2中添加一个空数组
    • 判断第一个字符是否以双引号(")开头,判断双引号的数量是否为2,为2就说明前面截取的字符串要么是对象的key,要么是对象的value,或者是数组的value;如果不是则继续循环
    • 判断第一个字符是否以逗号(,)开头,如果是则表示前面截取的字符串为对象的值或数组的项
    • 判断第一个字符是否以}] 开头,如果是则表示一个对象或数组结束了
    • 以其他字符串开头,啥都不做,继续循环

1、代码实现

function jsonParser(jsonString){
  let surplusStr = jsonString; // 剩余部分
  let firstChar = surplusStr.charAt(0);
  let lastChar = surplusStr.charAt(surplusStr.length - 1);
  if((firstChar !== '{' && lastChar !== '}') && (firstChar !== '[' && lastChar !== ']')){
    throw new Error(`${jsonString}不是一个标准的json对象`);
  }

  let jsonObjStack = []; // json对象栈
  let keyValuesStack = []; // 存储json对象的键和值的栈(二维数组),它里面的值还是一个数组,该数组中存放对象,对象里保存着键和值
  let resultJson = null;

  let dabbleQuotCount = 0; // 双引号数量
  let currentStr = ''; // 当前截取的字符
  // 截取字符串
  let substr = function (needStoreStr, splitFrom, splitLength){
    if(needStoreStr.length > 0){
      currentStr += needStoreStr;
    }
    surplusStr = surplusStr.substr(splitFrom, splitLength);
  }
  // 去除字符串两端双引号
  let trimQuot = function (str) {
    return str.replace(/(^"?)|("?$)/g, '');
  }
  // 存储value到栈顶
  let storeValueToStackTop = function (keyValuesStackTop, jsonObjStackTop, value) {
    if(Array.isArray(jsonObjStackTop)){
      keyValuesStackTop.push(value);
      console.log('进栈', keyValuesStackTop, value);
    } else {
      // 获取栈顶的最后一项
      let stackTopLast = keyValuesStackTop[keyValuesStackTop.length - 1];
      stackTopLast.value = value;
      console.log('进栈', stackTopLast, value);
    }
  }
  // 处理currentStr,转换基本数据类型
  let handleCurrentStr = function (str) {
    if(!isNaN(Number(str))){
      str = Number(str);
    }else if(str == 'null'){
      str = null;
    }else if(str == 'undefined'){
      str = undefined;
    }else if(str == 'true' || str == 'false'){
      str = str == 'true';
    }
    return str;
  }
  // json对象栈、keyValuesStack栈最后一位出栈
  let stackPop = function () {
    let jsonObjStackTop = jsonObjStack.pop();
    let keyValuesStackTop = keyValuesStack.pop();
    console.log('出栈', keyValuesStackTop);
    if(typeof jsonObjStackTop === 'undefined' || typeof keyValuesStackTop === 'undefined') {
      return;
    }
    if(Array.isArray(jsonObjStackTop)){
      keyValuesStackTop.forEach(item => {
        jsonObjStackTop.push(item);
      });
    }else {
      keyValuesStackTop.forEach(item => {
        jsonObjStackTop[item.key] = item.value;
      });
    }
    resultJson = jsonObjStackTop;
  }

  while (surplusStr.length > 0) {
    let firstChar = surplusStr.charAt(0);

    if(firstChar === '{' || firstChar === '['){ // 第一个字符为“{”则表示遇到一个对象,此时需要添加一个空对象到jsonObjStack中,并且添加一个存储键值的空数组到keyValues中
      if(firstChar === '{'){
        console.log('首字符为开始大括号');
      }else {
        console.log('首字符为开始中括号');
      }

      let keyValuesStackTop = keyValuesStack[keyValuesStack.length - 1];
      let jsonObjStackTop = jsonObjStack[jsonObjStack.length - 1];
      let obj = firstChar === '{' ? {} : [];
      // 每次遇到一个对象就需要往jsonObjStack中添加一个新对象,并且视情况往keyValuesStack栈中添加一个空数组,否则往其父对象中添加
      if(typeof jsonObjStackTop !== 'undefined') {
        if (Array.isArray(jsonObjStackTop)) {
          keyValuesStackTop.push(obj);
        } else {
          let lastKeyValueObj = keyValuesStackTop[keyValuesStackTop.length - 1];
          if (typeof lastKeyValueObj.value === 'undefined') {
            lastKeyValueObj.value = obj;
          }
        }
      }

      jsonObjStack.push(obj);
      keyValuesStack.push([]);
      surplusStr = surplusStr.substr(1);
    } else if(firstChar === '"'){ // 判断为双引号的情况
      console.log('首字符为双引号');
      // 获取当前截取的字符的最后一个字符
      let currentStrLast = typeof currentStr !== 'string' ? '' : currentStr.charAt(currentStr.length - 1);
      if(currentStrLast !== '\\'){ // 如果当前截取的字符最后面一个字符不是“\”则说明不是转义双引号,即不是"ab\"cd"这种情况
        console.log('首字符为双引号,不是“\\”');
        dabbleQuotCount++;
        if(dabbleQuotCount < 2){
          console.log('首字符为双引号,未凑成一对双引号');
          substr(firstChar, 1);
        } else { // 如果双引号的数量为2,有可能是对象的key,或是对象的value,或是数组的value
          substr(firstChar, 1);
          dabbleQuotCount = 0;
          // 获取紧挨着第一个字符后面的相邻字符
          let nextStr = surplusStr.charAt(0);
          // 获取栈顶存储的json对象键值
          let keyValuesStackTop = keyValuesStack[keyValuesStack.length - 1];
          console.log('首字符为双引号,凑成一对双引号,值为:', currentStr, keyValuesStackTop);
          if(nextStr === ':'){ // 如果nextStr为冒号,则currentStr为对象的key
            console.log('首字符为双引号,凑成一对双引号,下一个字符为冒号');
            keyValuesStackTop.push({
              key: trimQuot(currentStr)
            });
            currentStr = '';
            substr('', 1);
          }else if(nextStr === ',' || nextStr === ']' || nextStr === '}'){ // 如果nextStr为逗号或]或},则currentStr为对象或数组的值
            let jsonObjStackTop = jsonObjStack[jsonObjStack.length - 1];
            console.log('首字符为双引号,凑成一对双引号,下一个字符为:', nextStr, keyValuesStackTop);
            storeValueToStackTop(keyValuesStackTop, jsonObjStackTop, trimQuot(currentStr));
            if(nextStr === ','){
              substr('', 1);
            }
            currentStr = '';
          }
        }
      } else {
        console.log('首字符为双引号,是“\\”');
        substr(firstChar, 1);
      }
    } else if(firstChar === '}' || firstChar === ']') { // 遇到}结束花括号则表示一个对象结束了
      if(firstChar === '{'){
        console.log('首字符为结束大括号');
      }else {
        console.log('首字符为结束中括号');
      }
      if(currentStr){
        if(firstChar === '{'){
          console.log('首字符为结束大括号,并且currentStr有值,值为:', currentStr);
        }else {
          console.log('首字符为结束中括号,并且currentStr有值,值为:', currentStr);
        }

        let jsonObjStackTop = jsonObjStack[jsonObjStack.length - 1];
        let keyValuesStackTop = keyValuesStack[keyValuesStack.length - 1];
        let tempVal = handleCurrentStr(currentStr);
        storeValueToStackTop(keyValuesStackTop, jsonObjStackTop, tempVal);
        currentStr = '';
      }
      stackPop();
      substr('', 1);
    } else if(firstChar === ',') { // 遇到逗号则表示前面截取的字符串为对象的值或数组的项
      console.log('首字符为逗号');
      if(dabbleQuotCount == 0){ // 如果双引号的数量为0,则说明逗号未被双引号包着,之前截取的字符串为对象的value或数组项
        console.log('首字符为逗号,逗号不在双引号内,值为:', currentStr);
        if(currentStr){
          let keyValuesStackTop = keyValuesStack[keyValuesStack.length - 1];
          let jsonObjStackTop = jsonObjStack[jsonObjStack.length - 1];
          // console.log('------------keyValuesStackTop', keyValuesStack);
          let tempVal = handleCurrentStr(currentStr);
          storeValueToStackTop(keyValuesStackTop, jsonObjStackTop, tempVal);
        }
        currentStr = '';
        substr('', 1);
      } else {
        console.log('首字符为逗号,逗号在双引号内');
        substr(firstChar, 1);
      }
    } else {
      console.log('首字符为其他');
      substr(firstChar, 1);
    }
  }

  console.log('resultJson', resultJson);
  if(jsonObjStack.length > 0 || keyValuesStack.length > 0){
    throw new Error('json解析失败!');
  }
  return resultJson;
}

3、测试一下

经测试,以下字符串均可正确解析出来!

let jsonStrSimple = '{"name":"张三","age":23,"man":true,"cleanliness":null}';
let jsonStrWithObj = '{"name":"张三","age":23,"man":true,"cleanliness":null,"score":{"语文":80,"数学":95}}';
let jsonStrWithObj2 = '{"name":"张三","age":23,"man":true,"cleanliness":null,"subject":{"语文":{"teacher":"李老师","score":80},"数学":{"teacher":"王老师","score":95}}}';
let jsonStr = '{"statusCode":200,"comments":"成功","data":{"adminUserId":"61973a868fef766ab4ba953b","roleId":"61973a868fef766ab4ba953c","roleName":null,"orgId":"61973a878fef766ab4ba9686","orgName":"liyn","username":"liyn","email":null,"cellphone":null,"name":null,"nickname":"超级管理员","idcard":null,"adminType":{"code":1,"displayName":"永久账户","name":"PERMANENT"},"adminStatus":{"code":1,"displayName":"已激活","name":"AVAILABLE"},"adminStatusTime":"2021-11-19 13:47:51","loginMode":null,"permitLoginTime":null,"permitLoginIp":null,"online":true,"updatedTime":"2022-01-05 17:41:16","updatedBy":"5da7d124ce5b3053a8e9838d","createdTime":"2021-11-19 13:47:50","createdBy":"5da7d124ce5b3053a8e9838d","adminTypeTime":null,"defaultFlag":false,"loginFailtures":0,"authType":{"code":1,"displayName":"默认策略","name":"DEFAULT"},"sex":null,"permitLoginStart":null,"permitLoginEnd":null,"defaultPassword":false,"delFlag":false,"subject":null,"credible":false,"companyId":"61973a868fef766ab4ba953a","domain":"liyn","logoUrl":"","shortName":"liyn","emailDomain":"","roleVo":{"roleId":"61973a868fef766ab4ba953c","roleName":"机构超级管理员","roleStatus":{"code":1,"displayName":"启用","name":"AVAILABLE"},"roleType":{"code":4,"displayName":"超级模块","name":"SUPER"},"roleCategory":null,"permission":null,"remark":"默认的机构超级管理员","createdBy":"61973a868fef766ab4ba953b","createdTime":null,"updatedBy":null,"updatedTime":"2021-11-19 13:47","defaultFlag":true,"delFlag":false,"credible":false,"menuIds":null}}}';


let jsonStrWithArr = '{"name":"张三","age":23,"man":true,"cleanliness":null,"hobby":["学习","看电影","打球"]}';
let jsonStrWithArr2 = '{"name":"张三","age":23,"man":true,"cleanliness":null,"score":{"语文":80,"数学":95},"hobby":["学习","看电影","打球"]}';
let jsonStrWithArr3 = '{"name":"张三","age":23,"hobby":["学习",2022,"看电影",true,"打球",null,{"hobbyA":123,"arr":["手工","解析","json",456,["嵌套的数组"],undefined,true]}]}';

let arrJson = '["手工","解析","json"]';
let arrJson1 = '["学习",2022,"看电影",true,"打球",null,{"hobbyA":123}]';
let arrJson2 = '["学习",2022,"看电影",true,"打球",null,{"hobbyA":123,"arr":["手工","解析","json",456,["嵌套的数组"],undefined,true]}]';


// jsonParser(jsonStrSimple);
// jsonParser(jsonStrWithObj);
// jsonParser(jsonStrWithObj2);
jsonParser(jsonStr);

// jsonParser(jsonStrWithArr);
// jsonParser(jsonStrWithArr2);
// jsonParser(jsonStrWithArr3);

// jsonParser(arrJson);
// jsonParser(arrJson1);
// jsonParser(arrJson2);

heath_learning
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