前言
最近项目中有个私信功能,需要用到websocket,于是在网上找找资料并在实践中总结了一点经验分享给大家。
问题
在操作之前我先抛一个问题:
SpringBoot项目集成 webSocket,当客户端与服务器端建立连接的时候,发现 server对象并未注入而是为 null。
产生原因:spring管理的都是单例(singleton),和 websocket (多对象)相冲突。
详细解释:项目启动时初始化,会初始化 websocket (非用户连接的),spring 同时会为其注入 service,该对象的 service 不是 null,被成功注入。但是,由于 spring 默认管理的是单例,所以只会注入一次 service。当客户端与服务器端进行连接时,服务器端又会创建一个新的 websocket 对象,这时问题出现了:spring 管理的都是单例,不会给第二个 websocket 对象注入 service,所以导致只要是用户连接创建的 websocket 对象,都不能再注入了。
像 controller 里面有 service, service 里面有 dao。因为 controller,service ,dao 都有是单例,所以注入时不会报 null。但是 websocket 不是单例,所以使用spring注入一次后,后面的对象就不会再注入了,会报NullException。
下面会讲解决办法。
操作
1、引入websocket依赖包
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-websocket</artifactId>
</dependency>
2、配置websocket
@Configuration
@EnableWebSocket
public class WebSocketConfig implements WebSocketConfigurer {
@Override
public void registerWebSocketHandlers(WebSocketHandlerRegistry webSocketHandlerRegistry) {
// webSocket通道
// 指定处理器和路径,如:http://www.baidu.com/service-name/websocket?uid=xxxx
webSocketHandlerRegistry.addHandler(new WebSocketHandler(), "/websocket")
// // 指定自定义拦截器
.addInterceptors(new WebSocketInterceptor())
// 允许跨域
.setAllowedOrigins("*");
}
}
3、添加获取websocket地址中的参数类
public class WebSocketInterceptor implements HandshakeInterceptor {
/**
* handler处理前调用,attributes属性最终在WebSocketSession里,可能通过webSocketSession.getAttributes().get(key值)获得
*/
@Override
public boolean beforeHandshake(org.springframework.http.server.ServerHttpRequest request, ServerHttpResponse serverHttpResponse, org.springframework.web.socket.WebSocketHandler webSocketHandler, Map<String, Object> map) throws Exception {
if (request instanceof ServletServerHttpRequest) {
ServletServerHttpRequest serverHttpRequest = (ServletServerHttpRequest) request;
// 获取请求路径携带的参数
String uid = serverHttpRequest.getServletRequest().getParameter("uid");
map.put("uid", uid);
return true;
} else {
return false;
}
}
@Override
public void afterHandshake(org.springframework.http.server.ServerHttpRequest serverHttpRequest, ServerHttpResponse serverHttpResponse, org.springframework.web.socket.WebSocketHandler webSocketHandler, Exception e) {
}
}
4、添加解决server对象@Autowired注入为null的类
@Component
public class SpringContext implements ApplicationContextAware {
/**
* 打印日志
*/
private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(getClass());
/**
* 获取上下文对象
*/
private static ApplicationContext applicationContext;
@Override
public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext) throws BeansException {
SpringContext.applicationContext = applicationContext;
logger.info("set applicationContext");
}
/**
* 获取 applicationContext
*
* @return
*/
public static ApplicationContext getApplicationContext() {
return applicationContext;
}
/**
* 通过 name 获取 bean 对象
*
* @param name
* @return
*/
public static Object getBean(String name) {
return getApplicationContext().getBean(name);
}
/**
* 通过 class 获取 bean 对象
*
* @param clazz
* @param <T>
* @return
*/
public static <T> T getBean(Class<T> clazz) {
return getApplicationContext().getBean(clazz);
}
/**
* 通过 name,clazz 获取指定的 bean 对象
*
* @param name
* @param clazz
* @param <T>
* @return
*/
public static <T> T getBean(String name, Class<T> clazz) {
return getApplicationContext().getBean(name, clazz);
}
}
5、添加websocket接收发送消息类
@Component
public class WebSocketHandler extends AbstractWebSocketHandler {
private static Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(WebSocketHandler.class);
public AccountFeignClient getAccountFeignClient() {
return SpringContext.getBean(AccountFeignClient.class);
}
public NotifyMailboxService getNotifyMailboxService() {
return SpringContext.getBean(NotifyMailboxService.class);
}
public NotifyMailboxMessageService getNotifyMailboxMessageService() {
return SpringContext.getBean(NotifyMailboxMessageService.class);
}
/**
* 存储sessionId和webSocketSession
* 需要注意的是,webSocketSession没有提供无参构造,不能进行序列化,也就不能通过redis存储
* 在分布式系统中,要想别的办法实现webSocketSession共享
*/
private static Map<String, WebSocketSession> sessionMap = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
private static Map<String, String> userMap = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
/**
* webSocket连接创建后调用
*/
@Override
public void afterConnectionEstablished(WebSocketSession session) {
// 获取参数
String uid = String.valueOf(session.getAttributes().get("uid"));
String sessionId = session.getId();
log.info("init websocket uid={},sessionId={}", uid, sessionId);
userMap.put(uid, sessionId);
sessionMap.put(sessionId, session);
}
/**
* 前端发送消息到后台
* 接收到消息会调用
*/
@Override
public void handleMessage(WebSocketSession session, WebSocketMessage<?> message) throws Exception {
//A用户发送前端消息到后台,后台要保存A消息,并且向B用户推送消息
if (message instanceof TextMessage) {
log.info("message={}", message);
} else if (message instanceof BinaryMessage) {
} else if (message instanceof PongMessage) {
} else {
log.info("Unexpected WebSocket message type: " + message);
}
String uid = String.valueOf(session.getAttributes().get("uid"));
String messages = (String) message.getPayload();
ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
HashMap<String, Object> map = mapper.readValue(messages, HashMap.class);
String _uid = (String) map.get("uid");
// String _dialogId = (String) map.get("dialogId");
String _friendId = (String) map.get("friendId");
String _message = (String) map.get("message");
String sessionId = session.getId();
log.info("sessionId={},uid={},_uid={},_friendId={},_message={}", sessionId, uid, _uid, _friendId, _message);
if (!StringUtils.hasLength(sessionId) || !StringUtils.hasLength(_uid) || !StringUtils.hasLength(_friendId)) {
log.info("sessionId&_uid&_friendId不能为空");
session.sendMessage(new TextMessage("error:sessionId&_uid&_friendId不能为空"));
return;
}
String dialogId = pushMessage(_uid, _friendId, _message);
if (dialogId != null) {
TextMessage textMessage = new TextMessage("dialogId:" + dialogId);
// 向自己的ws推送消息
session.sendMessage(textMessage);
String sessionIdForFriend = userMap.get(_friendId);
log.info("sessionIdForFriend={}", sessionIdForFriend);
if (StringUtils.hasLength(sessionIdForFriend)) {
WebSocketSession friendSession = sessionMap.get(sessionIdForFriend);
if (friendSession != null && friendSession.isOpen())
// 向朋友推送消息
friendSession.sendMessage(textMessage);
}
}
}
/**
* 连接出错会调用
*/
@Override
public void handleTransportError(WebSocketSession session, Throwable exception) {
String uid = String.valueOf(session.getAttributes().get("uid"));
String sessionId = session.getId();
log.info("CLOSED uid= ={},sessionId={}", uid, sessionId);
sessionMap.remove(sessionId);
}
/**
* 连接关闭会调用
*/
@Override
public void afterConnectionClosed(WebSocketSession session, CloseStatus status) {
String uid = String.valueOf(session.getAttributes().get("uid"));
String sessionId = session.getId();
log.info("CLOSED uid= ={},sessionId={}", uid, sessionId);
sessionMap.remove(sessionId);
}
@Override
public boolean supportsPartialMessages() {
return false;
}
/**
* 后台发送消息到前端
* 封装方法发送消息到客户端
*/
public static void sendMessage(String uid, String dialogId) {
log.info("发送消息到:");
}
/**
* @param uid
* @param friendId
* @param message
* @return
*/
private String pushMessage(String uid, String friendId, String message) {
log.info("uid={},friendId={},message={}", uid, friendId, message);
NotifyMailboxService notifyMailboxService = getNotifyMailboxService();
NotifyMailboxMessageService notifyMailboxMessageService = getNotifyMailboxMessageService();
try {
NotifyMailbox notifyMailbox = notifyMailboxService.queryBy(uid, friendId);
} catch (Exception e) {
log.info("exception msg={}", e.getMessage());
return null;
}
}
}
websocket前端状态码readyState
0 CONNECTING 连接尚未建立
1 OPEN WebSocket的链接已经建立
2 CLOSING 连接正在关闭
3 CLOSED 连接已经关闭或不可用
总结
1、server对象并未注入而是为 null,所以要通过添加上面的SpringContext类,并通过下面这种方式引用
public AccountFeignClient getAccountFeignClient() {
return SpringContext.getBean(AccountFeignClient.class);
}
public NotifyMailboxService getNotifyMailboxService() {
return SpringContext.getBean(NotifyMailboxService.class);
}
public NotifyMailboxMessageService getNotifyMailboxMessageService() {
return SpringContext.getBean(NotifyMailboxMessageService.class);
}
2、websocket的连接和关闭的session对应问题,使用上面代码就没问题,否则会出现连接上的问题。
3、WebSocketInterceptor
会获取https://www.baidu.com/service-name/websocket?uid=xxx
中的uid并注入到session中,因此WebSocketHandler
类才能获取到session中的uid参数。
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