Configuration Metadata: Represents how application developers tell the Spring Container to instantiate, configure, and assemble objects. It is in the form of bean definitions provided in XML files, annotations, or Java config classes. Forms include XML-based, annotation-based, and Java-based configurations.

• DI (Dependency Injection): A design pattern where objects are connected with other objects or "injected" into them. There are two types: Constructor Injection and Setter Injection.
• Ways to Define a Bean in XML-Based Configuration: Beans can be defined as <bean/> elements inside a <beans/> element in an XML file. Constructor arguments can be specified using ref (for reference to another bean) or value (for scalar values). Examples show different ways to define beans with various constructor argument configurations and how to obtain them in the main class.