被人忽略的 signed 关键字

我们都知道且经常用到 unsigned 关键字，但有没有想过，与此对应的 signed 关键字有啥用？

int i = 0;
signed int i = 0;

这俩有区别吗？没区别，看起来，signed 完全是个累赘。

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真的是这样吗？

我查阅了 C++11 的标准文档(草稿N3690)，发现一些端倪：

3.9.1 Fundamental types

Objects declared as characters(char) shall be large enough to store any member of the implementation’s basic character set. If a character from this set is stored in a character object, the integral value of that character object is equal to the value of the single character literal form of that character. It is implementation-defined whether a char object can hold negative values. Characters can be explicitly declared unsigned or signed. Plain char, signed char, and unsigned char are three distinct types, collectively called narrow character types. A char,a signed char,and an unsigned char occupy the same amount of storage and have the same alignment requirements(3.11); that is,they have the same object representation. For narrow character types, all bits of the object representation participate in the value representation. For unsigned narrow character types, all possible bit patterns of the value representation represent numbers. These requirements do not hold for other types. In any particular implementation, a plain char object can take on either the same values as a signed char or an unsigned char; which one is implementation-defined.

标准规定的很清楚，char, signed char 和 unsigned char 是三种不同的类型。 char 会根据具体实现场景，而决定到底是 signed 还是 unsigned.

再看看 C11 的标准文档(ISO/IEC 9899:201x)呢？

6.7.2 Type specifiers

Each of the comma-separated multisets designates the same type, except that for bit-fields, it is implementation-defined whether the specifier int designates the same type as signed int or the same type as unsigned int.

看来，bit-fields (位域) 也存在同样的问题。(位域的概念可能也有点偏，经常写比较底层的接口或协议童鞋应该熟悉，可参考这里)

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结论

在 C/C++ 中，signed 关键字绝大多数情况下都是累赘，但对于上述所言的两种情况，即在 char 与 bit-fields 的使用过程中，还是有比较隐晦的作用的。

给自己提个醒，总是好的。