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这一次我想讲解一下HTML+CSS的两栏、三栏布局以及垂直居中的实现方式。因为个人所学有限所以可能不会罗列出所有的实现方法,不过我会继续努力查漏补缺。

1.两栏布局(左固定,右适应)

先写出初始样式和结构。

<div class="container">
    <div class="left">Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet</div>
    <div class="right">Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet</div>
</div>
div {
    height: 200px;
    color: #fff;
}
  • float+margin实现方式
.left {
    float: left;
    width: 300px;
    background-color: #5616;
}
.right {
    width: 100%;
    margin-left: 300px;
    background-color: #438;    
}

  • position实现方式
.left {
    position: absolute;
    left:  0;
    width: 300px;
    background-color: #5616;
}
.right {
    width: 100%;
    margin-left: 300px;
    background-color: #438;    
}

  • flex
.container {
    display: flex;
}
.left {
    flex:  0 0 300px;
    background-color: #5616;
}
.right {
    flex:  1 1;
    background-color: #438;    
}


右固定,左适应同理。

2.三栏布局

  • float + margin方式
<div class="container">
    <div class="left">Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet</div>
    <div class="right">Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet</div>
    <div class="main">Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet</div>
</div>
div {
    height: 200px;
    color: #fff;
}
.main {
    width: 100%;
    margin-left: 300px;
    margin-right: 100px;
    background-color: #554;
}
.left {
    float: left;
    width: 300px;
    background-color: #5616;
}
.right {
    float: right;
    width: 100px;
    background-color: #438;    
}

  • position实现方式
.main {
    width: 100%;
    margin-left: 300px;
    margin-right: 100px;
    background-color: #554;
}
.left {
    position: absolute;
    left: 0px;
    width: 300px;
    background-color: #5616;
}
.right {
    position: absolute;
    right: 0px;
    width: 100px;
    background-color: #438;    
}


以上这些实现方式,虽然实现了但还不够好。因为main是主要的显示区域,所以我们应该先加载它再加载其它的地方。

  • grid实现方式
.container {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 300px auto 100px;    //列的宽度
}
.main {
    grid-row: 1;    //第几行
    background-color: #554;
}
.left {
    grid-row: 1;    //第几行
    background-color: #5616;
}
.right {
    grid-row: 1;     //第几行
    background-color: #438;    
}
  • 圣杯布局
.container {
    padding: 0 100px 0 300px;
    overflow: hidden;
}
.main {
    float: left;
    width: 100%;
    background-color: #554;
}
.left {
    position: relative;
    float: left;            
    width: 300px;
    left: -300px;
    margin-left: -100%;
    background-color: #5616;
}
.right {
    position: relative;
    float: left;
    right: -100px;
    margin-left: -100px;
    width: 100px;
    background-color: #438;    
}
  • 双飞翼布局
<div class="container">
    <div class="wrap">
        <div class="main">Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet</div>
    </div>
    <div class="left">Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet</div>
    <div class="right">Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet</div>
</div>
div {
    height: 200px;
    color: #fff;
}
.wrap {
    float: left;
    width: 100%;
}
.main {
    margin: 0 100px 0 300px;
    overflow: hidden;
    background-color: #554;
}
.left {
    float: left;
    width: 300px;
    margin-left: -100%;
    background-color: #5616;
}
.right {
    float: left;
    width: 100px;
    margin-left: -100px;            
    background-color: #438;    
}

两种布局方式的不同之处在于如何处理中间主列的位置:

圣杯布局是利用父容器的左、右内边距+两个从列相对定位;
双飞翼布局是把主列嵌套在一个新的父级块中利用主列的左、右外边距进行布局调整

3.垂直居中

  • position + margin实现(1)
<div class="container">
    <div class="content"></div>
</div>
.container {
    position: relative;
    width: 500px;
    height: 500px;
    background-color: #5465;
}
.content {
    position: absolute;
    left: 50%;
    top:  50%;
    width: 200px;
    height: 200px;
    margin-left: -100px;
    margin-top: -100px;
    background-color: #6465;
}
  • position + margin实现(2)
.container {
    position: relative;
    width: 500px;
    height: 500px;
    background-color: #5465;
}
.content {
    position: absolute;
    left: 0;
    top:  0;
    bottom: 0;
    right: 0;
    width: 200px;
    height: 200px;
    margin: auto;
    background-color: #6465;
}
  • position + transform实现
.container {
    position: relative;
    width: 500px;
    height: 500px;
    background-color: #5465;
}
.content {
    position: absolute;
    left: 50%;
    top:  50%;
    width: 200px;
    height: 200px;
    transform: translate(-50%, -50%);
    background-color: #6465;
}
  • flex实现
.container {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    width: 500px;
    height: 500px;
    background-color: #5465;
}
.content {
    width: 200px;
    height: 200px;
    background-color: #6465;
}
  • inline-block实现
.container {
    display: inline-block;
    width: 500px;
    height: 500px;
    text-align: center;
    background-color: #5465;
}
.content {
    display: inline-block;
    width: 200px;
    height: 200px;
    vertical-align: middle;
    background-color: #6465;
}
.container::after{
    content: '';
    display: inline-block;
    width: 0;
    height: 100%;
    vertical-align: middle;
}

效果都如下


晨得
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