Windows上Python3通过pip安装包出现UnicodeDecodeError

Question

我在通过pip安装SQLAlchemy时遇到了UnicodeDecodeError。

系统是windows10，
python版本是3.6.0。

完整的信息如下：

C:\Windows\system32>pip install SQLAlchemy
Collecting SQLAlchemy
  Using cached SQLAlchemy-1.1.4.tar.gz
Installing collected packages: SQLAlchemy
  Running setup.py install for SQLAlchemy ... error
Exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "c:\program files\python36\lib\site-packages\pip\compat\__init__.py", line 73, in console_to_str
    return s.decode(sys.__stdout__.encoding)
UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte 0xb6 in position 34: invalid start byte

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "c:\program files\python36\lib\site-packages\pip\basecommand.py", line 215, in main
    status = self.run(options, args)
  File "c:\program files\python36\lib\site-packages\pip\commands\install.py", line 342, in run
    prefix=options.prefix_path,
  File "c:\program files\python36\lib\site-packages\pip\req\req_set.py", line 784, in install
    **kwargs
  File "c:\program files\python36\lib\site-packages\pip\req\req_install.py", line 878, in install
    spinner=spinner,
  File "c:\program files\python36\lib\site-packages\pip\utils\__init__.py", line 676, in call_subprocess
    line = console_to_str(proc.stdout.readline())
  File "c:\program files\python36\lib\site-packages\pip\compat\__init__.py", line 75, in console_to_str
    return s.decode('utf_8')
UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte 0xb6 in position 34: invalid start byte

我已经试过用“chcp 65001”修改代码页，然而并没有什么效果。
也试过“chcp 866”的办法，也没什么效果。

我也查到很多在各种地方用sys.setdefaultencoding的办法，然而我用的是python3啊……

更新：

我在stackoverflow上看到建议修改代码页为437之后，不仅是上面的问题了……还遇到了PermissionError: [WinError 32] 另一个程序正在使用此文件，进程无法访问。

报错信息如下：

C:\Users\59740>pip install SQLAlchemy
Collecting SQLAlchemy
  Using cached SQLAlchemy-1.1.4.tar.gz
Installing collected packages: SQLAlchemy
  Running setup.py install for SQLAlchemy ... error
Exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "c:\users\59740\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages\pip\compat\__init__.py", line 73, in console_to_str
    return s.decode(sys.__stdout__.encoding)
UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte 0xb6 in position 34: invalid start byte

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "c:\users\59740\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages\pip\commands\install.py", line 342, in run
    prefix=options.prefix_path,
  File "c:\users\59740\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages\pip\req\req_set.py", line 784, in install
    **kwargs
  File "c:\users\59740\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages\pip\req\req_install.py", line 878, in install
    spinner=spinner,
  File "c:\users\59740\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages\pip\utils\__init__.py", line 676, in call_subprocess
    line = console_to_str(proc.stdout.readline())
  File "c:\users\59740\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages\pip\compat\__init__.py", line 75, in console_to_str
    return s.decode('utf_8')
UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte 0xb6 in position 34: invalid start byte

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "c:\users\59740\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages\pip\commands\install.py", line 385, in run
    requirement_set.cleanup_files()
  File "c:\users\59740\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages\pip\req\req_set.py", line 729, in cleanup_files
    req.remove_temporary_source()
  File "c:\users\59740\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages\pip\req\req_install.py", line 977, in remove_temporary_sou
    rmtree(self.source_dir)
  File "c:\users\59740\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\retrying.py", line 49, in wrapped_f
    return Retrying(*dargs, **dkw).call(f, *args, **kw)
  File "c:\users\59740\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\retrying.py", line 212, in call
    raise attempt.get()
  File "c:\users\59740\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\retrying.py", line 247, in get
    six.reraise(self.value[0], self.value[1], self.value[2])
  File "c:\users\59740\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\six.py", line 686, in reraise
    raise value
  File "c:\users\59740\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\retrying.py", line 200, in call
    attempt = Attempt(fn(*args, **kwargs), attempt_number, False)
  File "c:\users\59740\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages\pip\utils\__init__.py", line 102, in rmtree
    onerror=rmtree_errorhandler)
  File "c:\users\59740\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\shutil.py", line 488, in rmtree
    return _rmtree_unsafe(path, onerror)
  File "c:\users\59740\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\shutil.py", line 387, in _rmtree_unsafe
    onerror(os.rmdir, path, sys.exc_info())
  File "c:\users\59740\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages\pip\utils\__init__.py", line 114, in rmtree_errorhandler
    func(path)
PermissionError: [WinError 32] 另一个程序正在使用此文件，进程无法访问。: 'C:\\Users\\59740\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-build-1djzmudb\\SQLAlchemy'

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "c:\users\59740\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages\pip\basecommand.py", line 215, in main
    status = self.run(options, args)
  File "c:\users\59740\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages\pip\commands\install.py", line 385, in run
    requirement_set.cleanup_files()
  File "c:\users\59740\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages\pip\utils\build.py", line 38, in __exit__
    self.cleanup()
  File "c:\users\59740\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages\pip\utils\build.py", line 42, in cleanup
    rmtree(self.name)
  File "c:\users\59740\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\retrying.py", line 49, in wrapped_f
    return Retrying(*dargs, **dkw).call(f, *args, **kw)
  File "c:\users\59740\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\retrying.py", line 212, in call
    raise attempt.get()
  File "c:\users\59740\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\retrying.py", line 247, in get
    six.reraise(self.value[0], self.value[1], self.value[2])
  File "c:\users\59740\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\six.py", line 686, in reraise
    raise value
  File "c:\users\59740\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\retrying.py", line 200, in call
    attempt = Attempt(fn(*args, **kwargs), attempt_number, False)
  File "c:\users\59740\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages\pip\utils\__init__.py", line 102, in rmtree
    onerror=rmtree_errorhandler)
  File "c:\users\59740\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\shutil.py", line 488, in rmtree
    return _rmtree_unsafe(path, onerror)
  File "c:\users\59740\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\shutil.py", line 378, in _rmtree_unsafe
    _rmtree_unsafe(fullname, onerror)
  File "c:\users\59740\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\shutil.py", line 387, in _rmtree_unsafe
    onerror(os.rmdir, path, sys.exc_info())
  File "c:\users\59740\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages\pip\utils\__init__.py", line 114, in rmtree_errorhandler
    func(path)
PermissionError: [WinError 32] 另一个程序正在使用此文件，进程无法访问。: 'C:\\Users\\59740\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-build-1djzmudb\\SQLAlchemy'

Answer 1

打开c:\program files\python36\lib\site-packages\pip\compat\__init__.py约75行
return s.decode('utf_8') 改为return s.decode('cp936')

Answer 2

使用豆瓣源pip install SQLAlchemy -i http://pypi.douban.com/simple
或者pip install git+https://github.com/zzzeek/sqlalchemy

Answer 3

也可能是 pip.ini 的配置文件的编码格式有问题，用一些IDE比如说vscode打开，右下角就有编码格式改为 utf-8 即可。

pip.ini 文件在 ~/pip/pip.ini 中

Answer 4

敢问阁下是否解决了“PermissionError: [WinError 32] 另一个程序正在使用此文件，进程无法访问。”的问题，在下在安装TensorFlow之时也遇此问题。望指点一二。