将颜色渐变应用于网格上的材质 \- three.js

Question

我将一个 STL 文件加载到我的场景中，并将单一颜色应用于 phong 材质

我想要一种将两种颜色应用于此网格材质的方法，并在 Z 轴上应用渐变效果，如下例所示。 渐变花瓶] 1

我有一种感觉，我可能必须引入着色器，但我对 three.js 还没有做到这一点。

原文由 Huskie69 发布，翻译遵循 CC BY-SA 4.0 许可协议

Answer 1

简单的渐变着色器，基于 uvs：

 var scene = new THREE.Scene();
var camera = new THREE.PerspectiveCamera(60, 1, 1, 1000);
camera.position.set(13, 25, 38);
camera.lookAt(scene.position);
var renderer = new THREE.WebGLRenderer({
  antialias: true
});
var canvas = renderer.domElement
document.body.appendChild(canvas);

var controls = new THREE.OrbitControls(camera, renderer.domElement);

var geometry = new THREE.CylinderBufferGeometry(2, 5, 20, 32, 1, true);
var material = new THREE.ShaderMaterial({
  uniforms: {
    color1: {
      value: new THREE.Color("red")
    },
    color2: {
      value: new THREE.Color("purple")
    }
  },
  vertexShader: `
    varying vec2 vUv;

    void main() {
      vUv = uv;
      gl_Position = projectionMatrix * modelViewMatrix * vec4(position,1.0);
    }
  `,
  fragmentShader: `
    uniform vec3 color1;
    uniform vec3 color2;

    varying vec2 vUv;

    void main() {

      gl_FragColor = vec4(mix(color1, color2, vUv.y), 1.0);
    }
  `,
  wireframe: true
});
var mesh = new THREE.Mesh(geometry, material);
scene.add(mesh);

render();

function resize(renderer) {
  const canvas = renderer.domElement;
  const width = canvas.clientWidth;
  const height = canvas.clientHeight;
  const needResize = canvas.width !== width || canvas.height !== height;
  if (needResize) {
    renderer.setSize(width, height, false);
  }
  return needResize;
}

function render() {
  if (resize(renderer)) {
    camera.aspect = canvas.clientWidth / canvas.clientHeight;
    camera.updateProjectionMatrix();
  }
  renderer.render(scene, camera);
  requestAnimationFrame(render);
}

 html,
body {
  height: 100%;
  margin: 0;
  overflow: hidden;
}

canvas {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  display;
  block;
}

 <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/three@0.115.0/build/three.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/three@0.115.0/examples/js/controls/OrbitControls.js"></script>

简单的渐变着色器，基于坐标：

 var scene = new THREE.Scene();
var camera = new THREE.PerspectiveCamera(60, 1, 1, 1000);
camera.position.set(13, 25, 38);
camera.lookAt(scene.position);
var renderer = new THREE.WebGLRenderer({
  antialias: true
});
var canvas = renderer.domElement
document.body.appendChild(canvas);

var controls = new THREE.OrbitControls(camera, renderer.domElement);

var geometry = new THREE.CylinderBufferGeometry(2, 5, 20, 16, 4, true);
geometry.computeBoundingBox();
var material = new THREE.ShaderMaterial({
  uniforms: {
    color1: {
      value: new THREE.Color("red")
    },
    color2: {
      value: new THREE.Color("purple")
    },
    bboxMin: {
      value: geometry.boundingBox.min
    },
    bboxMax: {
      value: geometry.boundingBox.max
    }
  },
  vertexShader: `
    uniform vec3 bboxMin;
    uniform vec3 bboxMax;

    varying vec2 vUv;

    void main() {
      vUv.y = (position.y - bboxMin.y) / (bboxMax.y - bboxMin.y);
      gl_Position = projectionMatrix * modelViewMatrix * vec4(position,1.0);
    }
  `,
  fragmentShader: `
    uniform vec3 color1;
    uniform vec3 color2;

    varying vec2 vUv;

    void main() {

      gl_FragColor = vec4(mix(color1, color2, vUv.y), 1.0);
    }
  `,
  wireframe: true
});
var mesh = new THREE.Mesh(geometry, material);
scene.add(mesh);

render();

function resize(renderer) {
  const canvas = renderer.domElement;
  const width = canvas.clientWidth;
  const height = canvas.clientHeight;
  const needResize = canvas.width !== width || canvas.height !== height;
  if (needResize) {
    renderer.setSize(width, height, false);
  }
  return needResize;
}

function render() {
  if (resize(renderer)) {
    camera.aspect = canvas.clientWidth / canvas.clientHeight;
    camera.updateProjectionMatrix();
  }
  renderer.render(scene, camera);
  requestAnimationFrame(render);
}

 html,
body {
  height: 100%;
  margin: 0;
  overflow: hidden;
}

canvas {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  display: block;
}

 <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/three@0.115.0/build/three.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/three@0.115.0/examples/js/controls/OrbitControls.js"></script>

具有顶点颜色的渐变：

 var scene = new THREE.Scene();
var camera = new THREE.PerspectiveCamera(60, 1, 1, 1000);
camera.position.set(0, 0, 10);
var renderer = new THREE.WebGLRenderer({
  antialias: true
});
var canvas = renderer.domElement
document.body.appendChild(canvas);

var geom = new THREE.TorusKnotGeometry(2.5, .5, 100, 16);

var rev = true;

var cols = [{
  stop: 0,
  color: new THREE.Color(0xf7b000)
}, {
  stop: .25,
  color: new THREE.Color(0xdd0080)
}, {
  stop: .5,
  color: new THREE.Color(0x622b85)
}, {
  stop: .75,
  color: new THREE.Color(0x007dae)
}, {
  stop: 1,
  color: new THREE.Color(0x77c8db)
}];

setGradient(geom, cols, 'z', rev);

function setGradient(geometry, colors, axis, reverse) {

  geometry.computeBoundingBox();

  var bbox = geometry.boundingBox;
  var size = new THREE.Vector3().subVectors(bbox.max, bbox.min);

  var vertexIndices = ['a', 'b', 'c'];
  var face, vertex, normalized = new THREE.Vector3(),
    normalizedAxis = 0;

  for (var c = 0; c < colors.length - 1; c++) {

    var colorDiff = colors[c + 1].stop - colors[c].stop;

    for (var i = 0; i < geometry.faces.length; i++) {
      face = geometry.faces[i];
      for (var v = 0; v < 3; v++) {
        vertex = geometry.vertices[face[vertexIndices[v]]];
        normalizedAxis = normalized.subVectors(vertex, bbox.min).divide(size)[axis];
        if (reverse) {
          normalizedAxis = 1 - normalizedAxis;
        }
        if (normalizedAxis >= colors[c].stop && normalizedAxis <= colors[c + 1].stop) {
          var localNormalizedAxis = (normalizedAxis - colors[c].stop) / colorDiff;
          face.vertexColors[v] = colors[c].color.clone().lerp(colors[c + 1].color, localNormalizedAxis);
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

var mat = new THREE.MeshBasicMaterial({
  vertexColors: THREE.VertexColors,
  wireframe: true
});
var obj = new THREE.Mesh(geom, mat);
scene.add(obj);

render();

function resize(renderer) {
  const canvas = renderer.domElement;
  const width = canvas.clientWidth;
  const height = canvas.clientHeight;
  const needResize = canvas.width !== width || canvas.height !== height;
  if (needResize) {
    renderer.setSize(width, height, false);
  }
  return needResize;
}

function render() {
  if (resize(renderer)) {
    camera.aspect = canvas.clientWidth / canvas.clientHeight;
    camera.updateProjectionMatrix();
  }
  renderer.render(scene, camera);
  obj.rotation.y += .01;
  requestAnimationFrame(render);
}

 html,
body {
  height: 100%;
  margin: 0;
  overflow: hidden;
}

canvas {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  display;
  block;
}

 <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/three@0.115.0/build/three.min.js"></script>

实际上，使用哪种方法取决于您：着色器、顶点颜色、纹理等。

原文由 prisoner849 发布，翻译遵循 CC BY-SA 4.0 许可协议

Answer 2

如果您想保留 MeshPhongMaterial 的功能，您可以尝试扩展材料。

这是一个包含多种方法的宽泛主题，您可以 在此处 深入了解它。

phong 材质着色器中有一行看起来像这样

vec4 diffuseColor = vec4( diffuse, opacity );

因此，在学习了着色器之书或其他一些教程之后，您将了解到可以使用归一化因子（介于 0,1 之间的数字）来混合两种颜色。

这意味着您可以将此行更改为类似这样的内容

vec4 diffuseColor = vec4( mix(diffuse, myColor, vec3(myFactor)), opacity);

您可以这样扩展着色器

const myFactor = { value: 0 }
const myColor = {value: new THREE.Color}

myMaterial.onBeforeCompile = shader=>{
  shader.uniforms.myFactor = myFactor
  shader.uniforms.myColor = myColor
  shader.fragmentShader = `
  uniform vec3 myColor;
  uniform float myFactor;
  ${shader.fragmentShader.replace(
    vec4 diffuseColor = vec4( diffuse, opacity );
    vec4 diffuseColor = vec4( mix(diffuse, myColor, vec3(myFactor)), opacity);
  )}
`

现在，当您更改 myFactor.value 时，对象的颜色应该从 myMaterial.color 更改为 myColor.value 。

现在要真正将其变成渐变，您可以将 myFactor 替换为动态的东西。我喜欢使用紫外线的囚犯解决方案。它完全是用 javascript 完成的，并且很容易连接到这个着色器中。其他方法可能需要更多的着色器工作。

 vec4 diffuseColor = vec4( mix(diffuse, myColor, vec3(vUv.y)), opacity);

现在您可能遇到的问题 - 如果您调用 new PhongMaterial({color}) 即。如果没有提供任何纹理，着色器将在没有 vUv 的情况下编译。有很多条件会导致它编译并对你有用，但我不确定它们是否会破坏其他东西：

 #if defined( USE_MAP ) || defined( USE_BUMPMAP ) || defined( USE_NORMALMAP ) || defined( USE_SPECULARMAP ) || defined( USE_ALPHAMAP ) || defined( USE_EMISSIVEMAP ) || defined( USE_ROUGHNESSMAP ) || defined( USE_METALNESSMAP )

所以，添加类似

myMaterial.defines = {USE_MAP:''}

可能会使 vUv 变量可用于您的着色器。通过这种方式，您可以让 phong 材质的所有灯光影响材质，您只需更改基色。

原文由 pailhead 发布，翻译遵循 CC BY-SA 4.0 许可协议