Python argparse：很多选择导致丑陋的帮助输出

Question

我有这段代码，我一般都很满意：

 import argparse

servers = [ "ApaServer", "BananServer", "GulServer", "SolServer", "RymdServer",
            "SkeppServer", "HavsServer", "PiratServer", "SvartServer", "NattServer", "SovServer" ]

parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="A program to update components on servers.")
group = parser.add_mutually_exclusive_group()
group.add_argument('-l', '--list', dest="update", action='store_false', default=False, help='list server components')
group.add_argument('-u', '--updatepom', dest="update", action='store_true', help='update server components')
parser.add_argument('-o', '--only', nargs='*', choices=servers, help='Space separated list of case sensitive server names to process')
parser.add_argument('-s', '--skip', nargs='*', choices=servers, help='Space separated list of case sensitive server names to exclude from processing')
args = parser.parse_args()

我喜欢 choice=servers 为我验证输入中的服务器名称，这样我就不必这样做了。然而，有这么多有效的选择会使帮助输出看起来很糟糕：

 usage: args.py [-h] [-l | -u]
               [-o [{ApaServer,BananServer,GulServer,SolServer,RymdServer,SkeppServer,HavsServer,PiratServer,SvartServer,NattServer,SovServer} [{ApaServer,BananServer,GulServer,SolServer,RymdServer,SkeppServer,HavsServer,PiratServer,SvartServer,NattServer,SovServer} ...]]]
               [-s [{ApaServer,BananServer,GulServer,SolServer,RymdServer,SkeppServer,HavsServer,PiratServer,SvartServer,NattServer,SovServer} [{ApaServer,BananServer,GulServer,SolServer,RymdServer,SkeppServer,HavsServer,PiratServer,SvartServer,NattServer,SovServer} ...]]]

A program to update components on servers.

optional arguments:
  -h, --help            show this help message and exit
  -l, --list            list server components
  -u, --updatepom       update server components
  -o [{ApaServer,BananServer,GulServer,SolServer,RymdServer,SkeppServer,HavsServer,PiratServer,SvartServer,NattServer,SovServer} [{ApaServer,BananServer,GulServer,SolServer,RymdServer,SkeppServer,HavsServer,PiratServer,SvartServer,NattServer,SovServer} ...]], --only [{ApaServer,BananServer,GulServer,SolServer,RymdServer,SkeppServer,HavsServer,PiratServer,SvartServer,NattServer,SovServer} [{ApaServer,BananServer,GulServer,SolServer,RymdServer,SkeppServer,HavsServer,PiratServer,SvartServer,NattServer,SovServer} ...]]
                        Space separated list of case sensitive server names to
                        process
  -s [{ApaServer,BananServer,GulServer,SolServer,RymdServer,SkeppServer,HavsServer,PiratServer,SvartServer,NattServer,SovServer} [{ApaServer,BananServer,GulServer,SolServer,RymdServer,SkeppServer,HavsServer,PiratServer,SvartServer,NattServer,SovServer} ...]], --skip [{ApaServer,BananServer,GulServer,SolServer,RymdServer,SkeppServer,HavsServer,PiratServer,SvartServer,NattServer,SovServer} [{ApaServer,BananServer,GulServer,SolServer,RymdServer,SkeppServer,HavsServer,PiratServer,SvartServer,NattServer,SovServer} ...]]
                        Space separated list of case sensitive server names to
                        exclude from processing

如果我想要，你会推荐哪种方式：

• 不错的（大部分）自动生成的帮助输出
• 验证提供给 -o 或 -s 选项的条目是否在 servers 中。

奖金：

• 是否可以对服务器名称进行不区分大小写的字符串匹配？

附加

我尝试使用 michaelfilms 的建议，其中 -o -s 选项从上面的输出中删除并添加了这部分：

 server optional arguments:
  Valid server names are: ApaServer, BananServer, GulServer, SolServer,
  RymdServer, SkeppServer, HavsServer, PiratServer, SvartServer,
  NattServer, SovServer

我认为它看起来不错，但我真的需要为 -o 和 -s 选项提供帮助，否则用户不会知道它们。所以我还没有完全使用这种方法。

原文由 Deleted 发布，翻译遵循 CC BY-SA 4.0 许可协议

Answer 1

我基本上是在重复欧内斯特所说的——为了避免丑陋的长长的选择列表，为基于选择的参数设置 metavar='' （尽管它不会去掉参数和逗号之间的空格（例如 -o , 而不是 -o, ）。

然后，您可以在一般描述中详细描述可用的选项（ RawDescriptionHelpFormatter 如果您希望它们以明显的缩进列出，则此处很有用）。

这段代码：

 import argparse

servers = [ "ApaServer", "BananServer", "GulServer", "SolServer", "RymdServer",
            "SkeppServer", "HavsServer", "PiratServer", "SvartServer", "NattServer", "SovServer" ]

parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="A program to update components on servers.")
group = parser.add_mutually_exclusive_group()
group.add_argument('-l', '--list', dest="update", action='store_false', default=False, help='list server components')
group.add_argument('-u', '--updatepom', dest="update", action='store_true', help='update server components')
parser.add_argument('-o', '--only', choices=servers, help='Space separated list of case sensitive server names to process.  Allowed values are '+', '.join(servers), metavar='')
parser.add_argument('-s', '--skip', choices=servers, help='Space separated list of case sensitive server names to exclude from processing.  Allowed values are '+', '.join(servers), metavar='')
args = parser.parse_args()

产生以下帮助输出：

 usage: run.py [-h] [-l | -u] [-o] [-s]

A program to update components on servers.

optional arguments:
  -h, --help       show this help message and exit
  -l, --list       list server components
  -u, --updatepom  update server components
  -o , --only      Space separated list of case sensitive server names to
                   process. Allowed values are ApaServer, BananServer,
                   GulServer, SolServer, RymdServer, SkeppServer, HavsServer,
                   PiratServer, SvartServer, NattServer, SovServer
  -s , --skip      Space separated list of case sensitive server names to
                   exclude from processing. Allowed values are ApaServer,
                   BananServer, GulServer, SolServer, RymdServer, SkeppServer,
                   HavsServer, PiratServer, SvartServer, NattServer, SovServer

希望这是原始帖子正在寻找的内容。

原文由 user2463717 发布，翻译遵循 CC BY-SA 4.0 许可协议