Django 中如何批量创建models? 如何抽象出这个类?

Question

一段代码如下

from django.db import models
table_name = "新闻"
class Person(models.Model):
    class Meta:
        db_table = table_name
        app_label = table_name
    title = models.CharField("title", max_length=300)
    content = models.TextField("content", max_length=300)

现在的需求是,我如何把这个方法抽象出来?
意思就是说, 我直接给Person 这个类可以传入参数,然后在里面的class Meta中可以直接用

我最早想到是这样

class Person(models.Model):
    def __init__(self,table_name):
         self.table_name = table_name
    class Meta:
        db_table = self.table_name
        app_label = self.table_name
    title = models.CharField("title", max_length=300)
    content = models.TextField("content", max_length=300)

但是失败了,不能直接传入参数? 这导致很不灵活,我如果有10个models要健 但是他们除了表名称不一样,其他都是一样~
那这样不是很不灵活

当然也可以把这些数据全部放在一张表里面,但是感觉考虑到后期的数据量以及查询效率的问题,还是想把表分开~

Answer 1

Django models支持abstract=True属性, 设置这个属性后, 这个models不会在创建表, 专门用来继承, 具体的可以看官方文档 Models Abstract base classes部分.

Abstract base classes

Abstract base classes are useful when you want to put some common information into a number of other models. You write your base class and put abstract=True in the Meta class. This model will then not be used to create any database table. Instead, when it is used as a base class for other models, its fields will be added to those of the child class. It is an error to have fields in the abstract base class with the same name as those in the child (and Django will raise an exception).

An example:

from django.db import models

class CommonInfo(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=100)
    age = models.PositiveIntegerField()

    class Meta:
        abstract = True

class Student(CommonInfo):
    home_group = models.CharField(max_length=5)

The Student model will have three fields: name, age and home_group. The CommonInfo model cannot be used as a normal Django model, since it is an abstract base class. It does not generate a database table or have a manager, and cannot be instantiated or saved directly.

Answer 2

可以试试用继承

class Person(models.Model):
    class Meta:
        db_table = table_name
        app_label = table_name
    title = models.CharField("title", max_length=300)
    content = models.TextField("content", max_length=300)
    
    
class Person2(Person):
    class Meta:
        db_table = table_name
        app_label = table_name
    

或者使用元类去创建。