自定义Listener中获取Bean失败，提示NoSuchBeanDefinitionException

Question

在自定义的Listener中，企图通过获取Bean然后执行后面的业务代码，结果getBean时报NoSuchBeanDefinitionException异常。

web.xml配置文件：

<listener-class>com.xxx.yyy.zzz.service.impl.ClusterProvisionCreateListener</listener-class>

业务代码Bean的位置：
@Service("ecsManageService")
public class ECSManageService implements IECSManageService {
...
}

自定义Listener：
public class ClusterProvisionCreateListener implements ServletContextListener {

@Override
public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent event) {
    try {
        System.out.println("contextInitialized----------");
        springContext = WebApplicationContextUtils.getWebApplicationContext(event.getServletContext());
        if(null != springContext) {
            ecsManageService = (ECSManageService) springContext.getBean("ecsManageService");  //%%%
        } else {
            System.out.println("获取应用程序上下文失败!");
            return;
        }

执行到//%%% 处报异常：
org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No bean named 'ecsManageService' is defined

at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.getBeanDefinition(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:698)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getMergedLocalBeanDefinition(AbstractBeanFactory.java:1175)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:284)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:197)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.getBean(AbstractApplicationContext.java:1054)
at com...impl.ClusterProvisionCreateListener.contextInitialized(ClusterProvisionCreateListener.java:44)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.listenerStart(StandardContext.java:4842)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5303)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:147)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal(ContainerBase.java:725)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChild(ContainerBase.java:701)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.addChild(StandardHost.java:717)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.manageApp(HostConfig.java:1696)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.modeler.BaseModelMBean.invoke(BaseModelMBean.java:300)
at com.sun.jmx.interceptor.DefaultMBeanServerInterceptor.invoke(DefaultMBeanServerInterceptor.java:819)
at com.sun.jmx.mbeanserver.JmxMBeanServer.invoke(JmxMBeanServer.java:801)
at org.apache.catalina.mbeans.MBeanFactory.createStandardContext(MBeanFactory.java:484)
at org.apache.catalina.mbeans.MBeanFactory.createStandardContext(MBeanFactory.java:433)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.modeler.BaseModelMBean.invoke(BaseModelMBean.java:300)
at com.sun.jmx.interceptor.DefaultMBeanServerInterceptor.invoke(DefaultMBeanServerInterceptor.java:819)
at com.sun.jmx.mbeanserver.JmxMBeanServer.invoke(JmxMBeanServer.java:801)
at javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIConnectionImpl.doOperation(RMIConnectionImpl.java:1468)
at javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIConnectionImpl.access$300(RMIConnectionImpl.java:76)
at javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIConnectionImpl$PrivilegedOperation.run(RMIConnectionImpl.java:1309)
at javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIConnectionImpl.doPrivilegedOperation(RMIConnectionImpl.java:1401)
at javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIConnectionImpl.invoke(RMIConnectionImpl.java:829)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
at sun.rmi.server.UnicastServerRef.dispatch(UnicastServerRef.java:324)
at sun.rmi.transport.Transport$1.run(Transport.java:200)
at sun.rmi.transport.Transport$1.run(Transport.java:197)
at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
at sun.rmi.transport.Transport.serviceCall(Transport.java:196)
at sun.rmi.transport.tcp.TCPTransport.handleMessages(TCPTransport.java:568)
at sun.rmi.transport.tcp.TCPTransport$ConnectionHandler.run0(TCPTransport.java:826)
at sun.rmi.transport.tcp.TCPTransport$ConnectionHandler.lambda$run$0(TCPTransport.java:683)
at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
at sun.rmi.transport.tcp.TCPTransport$ConnectionHandler.run(TCPTransport.java:682)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1142)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:617)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)

初步怀疑是在Bean还未加载完成就去取值，所以得不到该Bean。
该问题和下面链接里描述的都差不多，可惜没找到答案。
http://blog.csdn.net/danchaof...

Answer 1

加载顺序Listener -> Filter -> servlet , 你的service层的实例化是通过ContextLoaderListener或者DispatchServlet为入口的，你自定义的Listener去获取Bean的时候还没创建，因为listener的加载顺序并不是按照web.xml里的配置顺序来的。
方案一：你要是想获取Bean可以用spring 的 ApplicationListener ,这个类的用法网上很多可以去搜搜
方案二：既然listener的顺序是不固定的，那么我们可以整合两个listener到一个类中，这样就可以让初始化的顺序固定了。继承org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener然后重写了这个类的 contextInitialized方法.大致代码如下:

public class MyContextLoaderListener extends ContextLoaderListener {  
    private ECSManageService ecsManageService;
    @Override  
    /** 
     * 重写ContextLoaderListener的contextInitialized方法 
     */  
    public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent event) { 
        //保证spring的初始化在前 
        super.contextInitialized(event);  
        ApplicationContext applicationContext = WebApplicationContextUtils.getWebApplicationContext(event.getServletContext());  
        //获取bean  
        ecsManageService = (ECSManageService)applicationContext.getBean("stationService");    
        /*具体地业务代码 */  
    }  
} 

试试吧，希望能够帮到你