C++ 如何获取类的属性和方法?

1271925

发布于
2018-03-21

在.h文件中一个类的定义,该类拥有多个方法和属性:

class Test1
{
    public:
        Test1(int n);
        void set(int, int, int);  
        int isLeapYear();
        void print();
    
    private:
        int num;
        int month;
        int day;
        int year;
        double length;
};

就是我在main函数中获取到了类Test1实例t1了,如何才能知道这个实例中有哪些方法和属性?这些方法和属性有doc吗?怎么查看?

**是不是任何的c代码编译成lib和dll后都会有对应的.h头文件,这个头文件中就包含了类的方法和属性信息?
会不会存在没有头文件,但是我们可以正常使用lib和dll所提供的类?对于这样的情况,那么如何知道该类要如何调用,并能否查看方法的doc?
**

因为是从Python过来学C++的,以前学过c,现在回来学发现C++相对python是有点不方便,或者说我不会用,因为在python中查看类的属性方法和doc非常方便,一个dir函数就出来了:

#导入pandas这个包
import pandas as pd
#pd.DataFrame是一个类,使用dir查看这个类中有的方法和属性
dir(pd.DataFrame)
Out[3]:
['T',
 '_AXIS_ALIASES',
 '_AXIS_IALIASES',
 '_AXIS_LEN',
 '_AXIS_NAMES',
 '_AXIS_NUMBERS',
 '_AXIS_ORDERS',
 '_AXIS_REVERSED',
 '_AXIS_SLICEMAP',
 '__abs__',
 '__add__',
 '__and__',
 '__array__',
 '__array_wrap__',
 '__bool__',
 '__bytes__',
 ...]

#在ipython中查看doc,就是加个问号就知道怎么用了
pd.DataFrame?
Init signature: pd.DataFrame(data=None, index=None, columns=None, dtype=None, copy=False)
Docstring:
Two-dimensional size-mutable, potentially heterogeneous tabular data
structure with labeled axes (rows and columns). Arithmetic operations
align on both row and column labels. Can be thought of as a dict-like
container for Series objects. The primary pandas data structure

Parameters
----------
data : numpy ndarray (structured or homogeneous), dict, or DataFrame
    Dict can contain Series, arrays, constants, or list-like objects
index : Index or array-like
    Index to use for resulting frame. Will default to np.arange(n) if
    no indexing information part of input data and no index provided
columns : Index or array-like
    Column labels to use for resulting frame. Will default to
    np.arange(n) if no column labels are provided
dtype : dtype, default None
    Data type to force. Only a single dtype is allowed. If None, infer
copy : boolean, default False
    Copy data from inputs. Only affects DataFrame / 2d ndarray input

Examples
--------
Constructing DataFrame from a dictionary.

>>> d = {'col1': [1, 2], 'col2': [3, 4]}
>>> df = pd.DataFrame(data=d)
>>> df
   col1  col2
0     1     3
1     2     4

Notice that the inferred dtype is int64.

>>> df.dtypes
col1    int64
col2    int64
dtype: object

To enforce a single dtype:

>>> df = pd.DataFrame(data=d, dtype=np.int8)
>>> df.dtypes
col1    int8
---Return to continue, q to quit---

#使用type查看类型
In [5]: type(pd.DataFrame)
Out[5]: type
In [6]: type(pd)
Out[6]: module

那么c++中有没有类似的方法,或者说要是有这些需求要如何处理?

还是我理解错了,只要能用都有.h文件的?

谢谢

c++