《python 编程:从入门到实践》书中例子:外星人入侵,在飞船可以左右移动下,子弹设置好,每次按空格键都会出现: (使用python2.7)
AttributeError: 'Bullet' object has not attribute 'draw_bullet'
检查了实参或形参顺序,但还是找不到。
麻烦各位大佬了!!
代码:
一、alien_invasion.py
import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Group
from settings import Settings
from ship import Ship
import game_functions as gf
def run_game():
# 初始化游戏并创建屏幕
pygame.init()
ai_settings = Settings()
screen = pygame.display.set_mode(
(ai_settings.screen_width, ai_settings.screen_height))
pygame.display.set_caption("Alien Invasion")
#创建一艘飞船
ship = Ship(ai_settings, screen)
#创建一个用于存储子弹的编组
bullets = Group()
#开始游戏主循环
while True:
gf.check_events(ai_settings, screen, ship, bullets)
#监视键盘和鼠标事件
ship.update()
bullets.update()
gf.update_screen(ai_settings, screen, ship, bullets)
run_game()
二、bullet.py
import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Sprite
class Bullet(Sprite):
#一个对飞船发射的子弹进行管理的类
def __init__(self, ai_settings, screen, ship):
#在飞船所处的位置创建一个子弹对象
super(Bullet, self).__init__()
self.screen = screen
#在(0,0)处创建一个表示子弹的矩形,再设置正确的位置
self.rect = pygame.Rect(0, 0, ai_settings.bullet_width,
ai_settings.bullet_height)
self.rect.centerx = ship.rect.centerx
self.rect.top = ship.rect.top
#存储用小数表示的子弹位置
self.y = float(self.rect.y)
self.color = ai_settings.bullet_color
self.speed_factor = ai_settings.bullet_speed_factor
def update(self):
#向上移动子弹
#更新表示子弹位置的小数值
self.y -= self.speed_factor
#更新表示子弹的rect位置
self.rect.y = self.y
def draw_bullet(self):
#在屏幕上绘制子弹
pygame.draw.rect(self.screen, self.color, self.rect)
三、game_functions.py
import sys
import pygame
from bullet import Bullet
def check_keydown_events(event, ai_settings, screen, ship, bullets):
#响应按键
if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
ship.moving_right = True
elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
ship.moving_left = True
elif event.key == pygame.K_SPACE:
#创建一颗子弹,并将其加入到编组bullets中
new_bullet = Bullet(ai_settings, screen, ship)
bullets.add(new_bullet)
def check_keyup_events(event, ship):
#响应松开
if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
ship.moving_right = False
elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
ship.moving_left = False
def check_events(ai_settings, screen, ship, bullets):
#响应按键和鼠标事件
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
sys.exit()
elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
check_keydown_events(event, ai_settings, screen, ship, bullets)
elif event.type == pygame.KEYUP:
check_keyup_events(event, ship)
def update_screen(ai_settings, screen, ship, bullets):
#更新屏幕上的图像并切换到新图像
#每次循环时都重绘屏幕
screen.fill(ai_settings.bg_color)
#在飞船和外星人后面重绘所有子弹
for bullet in bullets.sprites():
bullet.draw_bullet()
ship.blitme()
#让最近绘制的屏幕可见
pygame.display.flip()
四、settingds.py
class Settings():
#存储游戏的所有设置的类
def __init__(self):
#初始化游戏设置
#屏幕设置
self.screen_width = 1200
self.screen_height = 800
self.bg_color = (255, 255, 255)
#飞船移动速度控制
self.ship_speed_factor = 1.5
#子弹设置
self.bullet_speed_factor = 1
self.bullet_width = 3
self.bullet_height = 15
self.bullet_color = 60, 60, 60
五、ship.py
import pygame
class Ship():
def __init__(self, ai_settings, screen):
#初始化飞船并设置初始位置
self.screen = screen
self.ai_settings = ai_settings
#加载飞船图像并获取外接矩形
self.image = pygame.image.load('images/ship.bmp')
self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
self.screen_rect = screen.get_rect()
#将每艘飞船放到屏幕底部中央
self.rect.centerx = self.screen_rect.centerx
self.rect.bottom = self.screen_rect.bottom
#在飞船的新属性center中存储小数值
self.center = float(self.rect.centerx)
#移动标志
self.moving_right = False
self.moving_left = False
def update(self):
#根据移动标志调整飞船位置
#跟新飞船的center值
if self.moving_right and self.rect.right < self.screen_rect.right:
self.center += self.ai_settings.ship_speed_factor
if self.moving_left and self.rect.left > 0:
self.center -= self.ai_settings.ship_speed_factor
#根据self.center更新rect对象
self.rect.centerx = self.center
def blitme(self):
#在指定位置绘制飞船
self.screen.blit(self.image, self.rect)