def insert(df): level_0 = df.index.values[0][0] # 取得第一列索引名 diff = df.loc[(level_0, '2020-06-02'), 'new_cases'] - df.loc[(level_0, '2020-06-01'), 'new_cases'] # 计算差值 df.loc[(level_0, 'diff'), 'new_cases'] = diff # 插入值 return df data.groupby('location').apply(insert).droplevel(0)