在 Android 中发送 POST 数据

Question

我对 PHP、JavaScript 和许多其他脚本语言有经验，但对 Java 或 Android 没有太多经验。

我正在寻找一种将 POST 数据发送到 PHP 脚本并显示结果的方法。

原文由 OMGKurtNilsen 发布，翻译遵循 CC BY-SA 4.0 许可协议

Answer 1

注意（2020 年 10 月）：以下答案中使用的 AsyncTask 在 Android API 级别 30 中已弃用。请参阅 官方文档 或 此博客文章 以获取更多更新示例

更新（2017 年 6 月）适用于 Android 6.0+ 的答案。感谢 @Rohit Suthar 、 @Tamis Bolvari 和 @sudhiskr 的评论。

     public class CallAPI extends AsyncTask<String, String, String> {

        public CallAPI(){
            //set context variables if required
        }

        @Override
        protected void onPreExecute() {
            super.onPreExecute();
        }

         @Override
         protected String doInBackground(String... params) {
            String urlString = params[0]; // URL to call
            String data = params[1]; //data to post
            OutputStream out = null;

            try {
                URL url = new URL(urlString);
                HttpURLConnection urlConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
                out = new BufferedOutputStream(urlConnection.getOutputStream());

                BufferedWriter writer = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(out, "UTF-8"));
                writer.write(data);
                writer.flush();
                writer.close();
                out.close();

                urlConnection.connect();
            } catch (Exception e) {
                System.out.println(e.getMessage());
            }
        }
    }

参考：

• https://developer.android.com/reference/java/net/HttpURLConnection.html
• 如何使用 POST 使用 NameValuePair 将参数添加到 HttpURLConnection

原始答案（2010 年 5 月）

注意：此解决方案已过时。它仅适用于最高 5.1 的 Android 设备。 Android 6.0 及更高版本不包括此答案中使用的 Apache http 客户端。

来自 Apache Commons 的 Http Client 是必经之路。它已经包含在android中。这是一个如何使用它进行 HTTP Post 的简单示例。

 public void postData() {
    // Create a new HttpClient and Post Header
    HttpClient httpclient = new DefaultHttpClient();
    HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost("http://www.yoursite.com/script.php");

    try {
        // Add your data
        List<NameValuePair> nameValuePairs = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>(2);
        nameValuePairs.add(new BasicNameValuePair("id", "12345"));
        nameValuePairs.add(new BasicNameValuePair("stringdata", "Hi"));
        httppost.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(nameValuePairs));

        // Execute HTTP Post Request
        HttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httppost);

    } catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
        // TODO Auto-generated catch block
    } catch (IOException e) {
        // TODO Auto-generated catch block
    }
}

原文由 Primal Pappachan 发布，翻译遵循 CC BY-SA 4.0 许可协议

Answer 2

对于 Android = > 5

org.apache.http 类和 AndroidHttpClient 类已在 Android 5.1 中 弃用。这些类不再维护，您应该尽快将使用这些 API 的任何应用程序代码迁移到 URLConnection 类。

https://developer.android.com/about/versions/android-5.1.html#http

想使用 HttpUrlConnection 共享我的代码

public String  performPostCall(String requestURL,
        HashMap<String, String> postDataParams) {

    URL url;
    String response = "";
    try {
        url = new URL(requestURL);

        HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
        conn.setReadTimeout(15000);
        conn.setConnectTimeout(15000);
        conn.setRequestMethod("GET");
        conn.setDoInput(true);
        conn.setDoOutput(true);

        OutputStream os = conn.getOutputStream();
        BufferedWriter writer = new BufferedWriter(
                new OutputStreamWriter(os, "UTF-8"));
        writer.write(getPostDataString(postDataParams));

        writer.flush();
        writer.close();
        os.close();
        int responseCode=conn.getResponseCode();

        if (responseCode == HttpsURLConnection.HTTP_OK) {
            String line;
            BufferedReader br=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(conn.getInputStream()));
            while ((line=br.readLine()) != null) {
                response+=line;
            }
        }
        else {
            response="";

        }
    } catch (Exception e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }

    return response;
}

…

 private String getPostDataString(HashMap<String, String> params) throws UnsupportedEncodingException{
        StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();
        boolean first = true;
        for(Map.Entry<String, String> entry : params.entrySet()){
            if (first)
                first = false;
            else
                result.append("&");

            result.append(URLEncoder.encode(entry.getKey(), "UTF-8"));
            result.append("=");
            result.append(URLEncoder.encode(entry.getValue(), "UTF-8"));
        }

        return result.toString();
    }

---

你也可以 发布 方法：

 conn.setRequestMethod("POST");

---

更新 21/02/2016

对于 json 的 发布 请求，请参见以下示例：

 public class Empty extends
        AsyncTask<Void, Void, Boolean> {

    String urlString = "http://www.yoursite.com/";

    private final String TAG = "post json example";
    private Context context;

    private int advertisementId;

    public Empty(Context contex, int advertisementId) {

        this.context = contex;
        this.advertisementId = advertisementId;
    }

    @Override
    protected void onPreExecute() {
        Log.e(TAG, "1 - RequestVoteTask is about to start...");

    }

    @Override
    protected Boolean doInBackground(Void... params) {
        boolean status = false;

        String response = "";
        Log.e(TAG, "2 - pre Request to response...");

        try {
            response = performPostCall(urlString, new HashMap<String, String>() {

                        private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

                        {
                            put("Accept", "application/json");
                            put("Content-Type", "application/json");
                        }
                    });
            Log.e(TAG, "3 - give Response...");
            Log.e(TAG, "4 " + response.toString());
        } catch (Exception e) {
            // displayLoding(false);

            Log.e(TAG, "Error ...");
        }
        Log.e(TAG, "5 - after Response...");

        if (!response.equalsIgnoreCase("")) {
            try {
                Log.e(TAG, "6 - response !empty...");
                //
                JSONObject jRoot = new JSONObject(response);
                JSONObject d = jRoot.getJSONObject("d");

                int ResultType = d.getInt("ResultType");
                Log.e("ResultType", ResultType + "");

                if (ResultType == 1) {

                    status = true;

                }

            } catch (JSONException e) {
                // displayLoding(false);
                // e.printStackTrace();
                Log.e(TAG, "Error " + e.getMessage());
            } finally {

            }
        } else {
            Log.e(TAG, "6 - response is empty...");

            status = false;
        }

        return status;
    }

    @Override
    protected void onPostExecute(Boolean result) {
        //
        Log.e(TAG, "7 - onPostExecute ...");

        if (result) {
            Log.e(TAG, "8 - Update UI ...");

            // setUpdateUI(adv);
        } else {
            Log.e(TAG, "8 - Finish ...");

            // displayLoding(false);
            // finish();
        }

    }

    public String performPostCall(String requestURL,
                                  HashMap<String, String> postDataParams) {

        URL url;
        String response = "";
        try {
            url = new URL(requestURL);

            HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
            conn.setReadTimeout(context.getResources().getInteger(
                    R.integer.maximum_timeout_to_server));
            conn.setConnectTimeout(context.getResources().getInteger(
                    R.integer.maximum_timeout_to_server));
            conn.setRequestMethod("POST");
            conn.setDoInput(true);
            conn.setDoOutput(true);

            conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/json");

            Log.e(TAG, "11 - url : " + requestURL);

            /*
             * JSON
             */

            JSONObject root = new JSONObject();
            //
            String token = Static.getPrefsToken(context);

            root.put("securityInfo", Static.getSecurityInfo(context));
            root.put("advertisementId", advertisementId);

            Log.e(TAG, "12 - root : " + root.toString());

            String str = root.toString();
            byte[] outputBytes = str.getBytes("UTF-8");
            OutputStream os = conn.getOutputStream();
            os.write(outputBytes);

            int responseCode = conn.getResponseCode();

            Log.e(TAG, "13 - responseCode : " + responseCode);

            if (responseCode == HttpsURLConnection.HTTP_OK) {
                Log.e(TAG, "14 - HTTP_OK");

                String line;
                BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(
                        conn.getInputStream()));
                while ((line = br.readLine()) != null) {
                    response += line;
                }
            } else {
                Log.e(TAG, "14 - False - HTTP_OK");
                response = "";
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        return response;
    }
}

---

更新 24/08/2016

使用一些最好的库，例如：

• 改装
• 排球

因为 ：

• 避免使用 HttpUrlConnection 和 HttpClient

在较低的 API 级别（主要是在 Gingerbread 和 Froyo 上），HttpUrlConnection 和 HttpClient 远非完美

• 也避免使用 AsyncTask
• 他们要快得多
• 他们缓存一切

自从引入 Honeycomb (API 11) 以来，必须在不同于主线程的单独线程上执行网络操作

原文由 Adnan Abdollah Zaki 发布，翻译遵循 CC BY-SA 4.0 许可协议