Java 错误：比较方法违反了它的一般约定

Question

我看到了很多关于这个的问题，并试图解决这个问题，但经过一个小时的谷歌搜索和大量的试验和错误，我仍然无法解决它。我希望你们中的一些人发现了这个问题。

这就是我得到的：

 java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Comparison method violates its general contract!
    at java.util.ComparableTimSort.mergeHi(ComparableTimSort.java:835)
    at java.util.ComparableTimSort.mergeAt(ComparableTimSort.java:453)
    at java.util.ComparableTimSort.mergeForceCollapse(ComparableTimSort.java:392)
    at java.util.ComparableTimSort.sort(ComparableTimSort.java:191)
    at java.util.ComparableTimSort.sort(ComparableTimSort.java:146)
    at java.util.Arrays.sort(Arrays.java:472)
    at java.util.Collections.sort(Collections.java:155)
    ...

这是我的比较器：

 @Override
public int compareTo(Object o) {
    if(this == o){
        return 0;
    }

    CollectionItem item = (CollectionItem) o;

    Card card1 = CardCache.getInstance().getCard(cardId);
    Card card2 = CardCache.getInstance().getCard(item.getCardId());

    if (card1.getSet() < card2.getSet()) {
        return -1;
    } else {
        if (card1.getSet() == card2.getSet()) {
            if (card1.getRarity() < card2.getRarity()) {
                return 1;
            } else {
                if (card1.getId() == card2.getId()) {
                    if (cardType > item.getCardType()) {
                        return 1;
                    } else {
                        if (cardType == item.getCardType()) {
                            return 0;
                        }
                        return -1;
                    }
                }
                return -1;
            }
        }
        return 1;
    }
}

任何想法？

原文由 Lakatos Gyula 发布，翻译遵循 CC BY-SA 4.0 许可协议

Answer 1

异常消息实际上非常具有描述性。 The contract it mentions is transitivity : if A > B and B > C then for any A , B and C : A > C 。我用纸和铅笔检查了它，你的代码似乎有几个漏洞：

 if (card1.getRarity() < card2.getRarity()) {
  return 1;

你不返回 -1 如果 card1.getRarity() > card2.getRarity() 。

---

 if (card1.getId() == card2.getId()) {
  //...
}
return -1;

如果 id 不相等，则返回 -1 。您应该返回 -1 或 1 取决于哪个 id 更大。

---

看看这个。除了更具可读性之外，我认为它实际上应该可以工作：

 if (card1.getSet() > card2.getSet()) {
    return 1;
}
if (card1.getSet() < card2.getSet()) {
    return -1;
};
if (card1.getRarity() < card2.getRarity()) {
    return 1;
}
if (card1.getRarity() > card2.getRarity()) {
    return -1;
}
if (card1.getId() > card2.getId()) {
    return 1;
}
if (card1.getId() < card2.getId()) {
    return -1;
}
return cardType - item.getCardType();  //watch out for overflow!

原文由 Tomasz Nurkiewicz 发布，翻译遵循 CC BY-SA 3.0 许可协议

Answer 2

您可以使用以下类来查明比较器中的传递性错误：

 /**
 * @author Gili Tzabari
 */
public final class Comparators
{
    /**
     * Verify that a comparator is transitive.
     *
     * @param <T>        the type being compared
     * @param comparator the comparator to test
     * @param elements   the elements to test against
     * @throws AssertionError if the comparator is not transitive
     */
    public static <T> void verifyTransitivity(Comparator<T> comparator, Collection<T> elements)
    {
        for (T first: elements)
        {
            for (T second: elements)
            {
                int result1 = comparator.compare(first, second);
                int result2 = comparator.compare(second, first);
                if (result1 != -result2)
                {
                    // Uncomment the following line to step through the failed case
                    //comparator.compare(first, second);
                    throw new AssertionError("compare(" + first + ", " + second + ") == " + result1 +
                        " but swapping the parameters returns " + result2);
                }
            }
        }
        for (T first: elements)
        {
            for (T second: elements)
            {
                int firstGreaterThanSecond = comparator.compare(first, second);
                if (firstGreaterThanSecond <= 0)
                    continue;
                for (T third: elements)
                {
                    int secondGreaterThanThird = comparator.compare(second, third);
                    if (secondGreaterThanThird <= 0)
                        continue;
                    int firstGreaterThanThird = comparator.compare(first, third);
                    if (firstGreaterThanThird <= 0)
                    {
                        // Uncomment the following line to step through the failed case
                        //comparator.compare(first, third);
                        throw new AssertionError("compare(" + first + ", " + second + ") > 0, " +
                            "compare(" + second + ", " + third + ") > 0, but compare(" + first + ", " + third + ") == " +
                            firstGreaterThanThird);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Prevent construction.
     */
    private Comparators()
    {
    }
}

只需在失败的代码前面调用 Comparators.verifyTransitivity(myComparator, myCollection) 。

原文由 Gili 发布，翻译遵循 CC BY-SA 3.0 许可协议