无法在 Ubuntu 16.04 中启动 Docker 服务

我一直在尝试 在 Ubuntu 16.04 上使用 Docker (1.10)， 但安装失败，因为 Docker Service 没有启动。我已经尝试通过 docker.io 、 docker -engine apt packages 和 curl -sSL https://get.docker.com/ | sh 安装 docker，但它不起作用。

我的 主机信息 是：

Linux Xenial 4.5.3-040503-generic #201605041831 SMP Wed May 4 22:33:50 UTC 2016 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

这里是 systemctl status docker.service ：

 ● docker.service - Docker Application Container Engine
   Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/docker.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since sáb 2016-05-14 15:17:31 CEST; 12min ago
     Docs: https://docs.docker.com
  Process: 22479 ExecStart=/usr/bin/docker daemon -H fd:// (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)
 Main PID: 22479 (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)

may 14 15:17:30 Xenial docker[22479]: time="2016-05-14T15:17:30.103601523+02:00" level=info msg="New containerd process, pid: 22485\n"
may 14 15:17:31 Xenial docker[22479]: time="2016-05-14T15:17:31.149064723+02:00" level=error msg="devmapper: Unable to delete device: devicemapper: Can't set task name /dev/mapper/docker-8:6-2101297-pool"
may 14 15:17:31 Xenial docker[22479]: time="2016-05-14T15:17:31.149127439+02:00" level=warning msg="devmapper: Usage of loopback devices is strongly discouraged for production use. Please use `--storage-opt dm.thinpooldev` or use `man docker` to refer to dm.thinpooldev section."
may 14 15:17:31 Xenial docker[22479]: time="2016-05-14T15:17:31.153010028+02:00" level=error msg="[graphdriver] prior storage driver \"devicemapper\" failed: devicemapper: Can't set task name /dev/mapper/docker-8:6-2101297-pool"
may 14 15:17:31 Xenial docker[22479]: time="2016-05-14T15:17:31.153130839+02:00" level=fatal msg="Error starting daemon: error initializing graphdriver: devicemapper: Can't set task name /dev/mapper/docker-8:6-2101297-pool"
may 14 15:17:31 Xenial systemd[1]: docker.service: Main process exited, code=exited, status=1/FAILURE
may 14 15:17:31 Xenial docker[22479]: time="2016-05-14T15:17:31+02:00" level=info msg="stopping containerd after receiving terminated"
may 14 15:17:31 Xenial systemd[1]: Failed to start Docker Application Container Engine.
may 14 15:17:31 Xenial systemd[1]: docker.service: Unit entered failed state.
may 14 15:17:31 Xenial systemd[1]: docker.service: Failed with result 'exit-code'.

这里是 sudo docker daemon -D

 DEBU[0000] docker group found. gid: 999
DEBU[0000] Listener created for HTTP on unix (/var/run/docker.sock)
INFO[0000] previous instance of containerd still alive (23050)
DEBU[0000] containerd connection state change: CONNECTING
DEBU[0000] Using default logging driver json-file
DEBU[0000] Golang's threads limit set to 55980
DEBU[0000] received past containerd event: &types.Event{Type:"live", Id:"", Status:0x0, Pid:"", Timestamp:0x57372cae}
DEBU[0000] containerd connection state change: READY
DEBU[0000] devicemapper: driver version is 4.34.0
DEBU[0000] devmapper: Generated prefix: docker-8:6-2101297
DEBU[0000] devmapper: Checking for existence of the pool docker-8:6-2101297-pool
DEBU[0000] devmapper: poolDataMajMin=7:0 poolMetaMajMin=7:1

DEBU[0000] devmapper: Major:Minor for device: /dev/loop0 is:7:0
DEBU[0000] devmapper: Major:Minor for device: /dev/loop1 is:7:1
DEBU[0000] devmapper: loadDeviceFilesOnStart()
DEBU[0000] devmapper: Skipping file /var/lib/docker/devicemapper/metadata/transaction-metadata
DEBU[0000] devmapper: loadDeviceFilesOnStart() END
DEBU[0000] devmapper: constructDeviceIDMap()
DEBU[0000] devmapper: constructDeviceIDMap() END
DEBU[0000] devmapper: Rolling back open transaction: TransactionID=1 hash= device_id=1
ERRO[0000] devmapper: Unable to delete device: devicemapper: Can't set task name /dev/mapper/docker-8:6-2101297-pool
WARN[0000] devmapper: Usage of loopback devices is strongly discouraged for production use. Please use `--storage-opt dm.thinpooldev` or use `man docker` to refer to dm.thinpooldev section.
DEBU[0000] devmapper: Initializing base device-mapper thin volume
DEBU[0000] devicemapper: CreateDevice(poolName=/dev/mapper/docker-8:6-2101297-pool, deviceID=1)
DEBU[0000] devmapper: Error creating device: devicemapper: Can't set task name /dev/mapper/docker-8:6-2101297-pool
DEBU[0000] devmapper: Error device setupBaseImage: devicemapper: Can't set task name /dev/mapper/docker-8:6-2101297-pool
ERRO[0000] [graphdriver] prior storage driver "devicemapper" failed: devicemapper: Can't set task name /dev/mapper/docker-8:6-2101297-pool
DEBU[0000] Cleaning up old mountid : start.
FATA[0000] Error starting daemon: error initializing graphdriver: devicemapper: Can't set task name /dev/mapper/docker-8:6-2101297-pool

这是 ./check-config.sh 输出：

 warning: /proc/config.gz does not exist, searching other paths for kernel config ...
info: reading kernel config from /boot/config-4.5.3-040503-generic ...

Generally Necessary:
- cgroup hierarchy: properly mounted [/sys/fs/cgroup]
- apparmor: enabled and tools installed
- CONFIG_NAMESPACES: enabled
- CONFIG_NET_NS: enabled
- CONFIG_PID_NS: enabled
- CONFIG_IPC_NS: enabled
- CONFIG_UTS_NS: enabled
- CONFIG_DEVPTS_MULTIPLE_INSTANCES: enabled
- CONFIG_CGROUPS: enabled
- CONFIG_CGROUP_CPUACCT: enabled
- CONFIG_CGROUP_DEVICE: enabled
- CONFIG_CGROUP_FREEZER: enabled
- CONFIG_CGROUP_SCHED: enabled
- CONFIG_CPUSETS: enabled
- CONFIG_MEMCG: enabled
- CONFIG_KEYS: enabled
- CONFIG_MACVLAN: enabled (as module)
- CONFIG_VETH: enabled (as module)
- CONFIG_BRIDGE: enabled (as module)
- CONFIG_BRIDGE_NETFILTER: enabled (as module)
- CONFIG_NF_NAT_IPV4: enabled (as module)
- CONFIG_IP_NF_FILTER: enabled (as module)
- CONFIG_IP_NF_TARGET_MASQUERADE: enabled (as module)
- CONFIG_NETFILTER_XT_MATCH_ADDRTYPE: enabled (as module)
- CONFIG_NETFILTER_XT_MATCH_CONNTRACK: enabled (as module)
- CONFIG_NF_NAT: enabled (as module)
- CONFIG_NF_NAT_NEEDED: enabled
- CONFIG_POSIX_MQUEUE: enabled

Optional Features:
- CONFIG_USER_NS: enabled
- CONFIG_SECCOMP: enabled
- CONFIG_CGROUP_PIDS: enabled
- CONFIG_MEMCG_KMEM: missing
- CONFIG_MEMCG_SWAP: enabled
- CONFIG_MEMCG_SWAP_ENABLED: missing
    (note that cgroup swap accounting is not enabled in your kernel config, you can enable it by setting boot option "swapaccount=1")
- CONFIG_BLK_CGROUP: enabled
- CONFIG_BLK_DEV_THROTTLING: enabled
- CONFIG_IOSCHED_CFQ: enabled
- CONFIG_CFQ_GROUP_IOSCHED: enabled
- CONFIG_CGROUP_PERF: enabled
- CONFIG_CGROUP_HUGETLB: enabled
- CONFIG_NET_CLS_CGROUP: enabled (as module)
- CONFIG_CGROUP_NET_PRIO: enabled
- CONFIG_CFS_BANDWIDTH: enabled
- CONFIG_FAIR_GROUP_SCHED: enabled
- CONFIG_RT_GROUP_SCHED: missing
- CONFIG_EXT3_FS: missing
- CONFIG_EXT3_FS_XATTR: missing
- CONFIG_EXT3_FS_POSIX_ACL: missing
- CONFIG_EXT3_FS_SECURITY: missing
    (enable these ext3 configs if you are using ext3 as backing filesystem)
- CONFIG_EXT4_FS: enabled
- CONFIG_EXT4_FS_POSIX_ACL: enabled
- CONFIG_EXT4_FS_SECURITY: enabled
- Network Drivers:
  - "overlay":
    - CONFIG_VXLAN: enabled (as module)
- Storage Drivers:
  - "aufs":
    - CONFIG_AUFS_FS: missing
  - "btrfs":
    - CONFIG_BTRFS_FS: enabled (as module)
  - "devicemapper":
    - CONFIG_BLK_DEV_DM: enabled
    - CONFIG_DM_THIN_PROVISIONING: enabled (as module)
  - "overlay":
    - CONFIG_OVERLAY_FS: enabled (as module)
  - "zfs":
    - /dev/zfs: missing
    - zfs command: missing
    - zpool command: missing

如果有人可以帮助我，我将非常感激

原文由 Salva Corts 发布，翻译遵循 CC BY-SA 4.0 许可协议

更新

似乎在较新版本的 docker 和 Ubuntu 中，docker 的单元文件只是被屏蔽了（指向 /dev/null）。

您可以通过在终端中运行以下命令来验证它：

 sudo file /lib/systemd/system/docker.service
sudo file /lib/systemd/system/docker.socket

您应该看到单元文件符号链接到 /dev/null。

在这种情况下，您只需按照 S34N 的建议运行：

 sudo systemctl unmask docker.service
sudo systemctl unmask docker.socket
sudo systemctl start docker.service
sudo systemctl status docker

我还将保留原始帖子，该帖子回答了错误日志，指出应更换存储驱动程序：

原帖

我有同样的问题，我尝试用 Salva Cort 的建议修复它，但打印 /etc/default/docker 说：

此文件不适用于 SYSTEMD

所以这是一个适用于 systemd （Ubuntu 15.04 及更高版本）的永久修复：

新建一个文件 /etc/systemd/system/docker.service.d/overlay.conf ，内容如下：

    [Service]
   ExecStart=
   ExecStart=/usr/bin/docker daemon -H fd:// -s overlay

通过执行刷新更改：

    sudo systemctl daemon-reload

验证配置是否已加载：

    systemctl show --property=ExecStart docker

重启泊坞窗：

    sudo systemctl restart docker

原文由 dvir 发布，翻译遵循 CC BY-SA 4.0 许可协议

无法在 Ubuntu 16.04 中启动 Docker 服务

此文件不适用于 SYSTEMD

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