如何在 Docker 中使用 Chrome 运行 Selenium

Question

我在 Docker 中安装了 google-chrome ，但是当我运行 Selenium 的 Python 2 脚本时，它失败了，如下所示：

 automation@1c17781fef0c:/topology-editor/test$ python test.py
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "test.py", line 27, in <module>
    browser = webdriver.Chrome()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/selenium/webdriver/chrome/webdriver.py", line 69, in __init__
    desired_capabilities=desired_capabilities)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/selenium/webdriver/remote/webdriver.py", line 98, in __init__
    self.start_session(desired_capabilities, browser_profile)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/selenium/webdriver/remote/webdriver.py", line 185, in start_session
    response = self.execute(Command.NEW_SESSION, parameters)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/selenium/webdriver/remote/webdriver.py", line 249, in execute
    self.error_handler.check_response(response)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/selenium/webdriver/remote/errorhandler.py", line 194, in check_response
    raise exception_class(message, screen, stacktrace)
selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException: Message: unknown error: Chrome failed to start: crashed
  (Driver info: chromedriver=2.31.488763 (092de99f48a300323ecf8c2a4e2e7cab51de5ba8),platform=Linux 4.4.0-83-generic x86_64)

如果我直接在 docker 中运行 google-chrome，它会显示如下：

 automation@1c17781fef0c:/topology-editor/test$ google-chrome
Failed to move to new namespace: PID namespaces supported, Network namespace supported, but failed: errno = Operation not permitted
Trace/breakpoint trap (core dumped)
automation@1c17781fef0c:/topology-editor/test$

系统：

 $ uname -a
Linux 1c17781fef0c 4.4.0-83-generic #106-Ubuntu SMP Mon Jun 26 17:54:43 UTC 2017 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
$ google-chrome --version
Google Chrome 60.0.3112.78
$ chromedriver --version
ChromeDriver 2.31.488763 (092de99f48a300323ecf8c2a4e2e7cab51de5ba8)

原文由 J. Fan 发布，翻译遵循 CC BY-SA 4.0 许可协议

Answer 1

您需要启动一个独立的 chrome 浏览器

docker run -d -p 4444:4444 selenium/standalone-chrome

然后在你的 python 脚本中使用远程 webdriver 启动浏览器

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.desired_capabilities import DesiredCapabilities
driver = webdriver.Remote("http://127.0.0.1:4444/wd/hub", DesiredCapabilities.CHROME)

如果您愿意，您还可以启动 Selenium Grid 集线器。

要将此作为 django 测试执行以下操作：

 # docker-compose.yml

selenium:
  image: selenium/standalone-firefox
  ports:
  - 4444:4444

# project/app/test.py

from django.test import TestCase
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.desired_capabilities import DesiredCapabilities

class SiteTest(TestCase):
    fixtures = [
        'app/fixtures/app.json',
        ...
    ]

    def setUp(self):
        self.browser = webdriver.Remote("http://selenium:4444/wd/hub", DesiredCapabilities.FIREFOX)

    def tearDown(self):
        self.browser.quit()

    def test_visit_site(self):
        self.browser.get('http://app:8000/')
        self.assertIn(self.browser.title, 'Home')

笔记：

如果您使用 webdriver.ChromeOptions|FirefoxOptions|etc 那么 DesiredCapabalities 不需要导入：

 from selenium import webdriver
options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
options.add_argument('--headless')  # example
driver = webdriver.Remote("http://127.0.0.1:4444/wd/hub", options=options)

原文由 Tarun Lalwani 发布，翻译遵循 CC BY-SA 4.0 许可协议

Answer 2

您需要在 Dockerfile 中添加下一行：

 # install google chrome
RUN wget -q -O - https://dl-ssl.google.com/linux/linux_signing_key.pub | apt-key add -
RUN sh -c 'echo "deb [arch=amd64] http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb/ stable main" >> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/google-chrome.list'
RUN apt-get -y update
RUN apt-get install -y google-chrome-stable

# install chromedriver
RUN apt-get install -yqq unzip
RUN wget -O /tmp/chromedriver.zip http://chromedriver.storage.googleapis.com/`curl -sS chromedriver.storage.googleapis.com/LATEST_RELEASE`/chromedriver_linux64.zip
RUN unzip /tmp/chromedriver.zip chromedriver -d /usr/local/bin/

# set display port to avoid crash
ENV DISPLAY=:99

# install selenium
RUN pip install selenium==3.8.0

那么你的代码应该是这样的。特别是您需要声明您的 driver 如下所示：

 from selenium import webdriver
chrome_options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
chrome_options.add_argument('--no-sandbox')
chrome_options.add_argument('--window-size=1920,1080')
chrome_options.add_argument('--headless')
chrome_options.add_argument('--disable-gpu')
driver = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=chrome_options)

driver.get('www.google.com')
screenshot = driver.save_screenshot('test.png')
driver.quit()

原文由 Mehmet nuri 发布，翻译遵循 CC BY-SA 4.0 许可协议