pyinstaller 错误：OSError：找不到 Python 库：libpython3.4mu.so.1.0、libpython3.4m.so.1.0、libpython3.4.so.1.0

Question

我在 Centos7 上使用 Python 3.4.4。

我在本地机器上创建了一个使用 qt 模块的 python 程序。该程序在我的本地机器上运行良好。我现在正在尝试使用 pyinstaller 创建一个可执行文件。我正在使用命令：

 pyinstaller main.py

我得到以下输出：

 40 INFO: PyInstaller: 3.2.1
40 INFO: Python: 3.4.4
41 INFO: Platform: Linux-3.10.0-327.36.3.el7.x86_64-x86_64-with-centos-7.3.1611-Core
41 INFO: wrote /home/neilharris/Documents/Python_Projects/transcoder/main.spec
42 INFO: UPX is not available.
44 INFO: Extending PYTHONPATH with paths
['/home/neilharris/Documents/Python_Projects/transcoder',
 '/home/neilharris/Documents/Python_Projects/transcoder']
44 INFO: checking Analysis
44 INFO: Building Analysis because out00-Analysis.toc is non existent
44 INFO: Initializing module dependency graph...
45 INFO: Initializing module graph hooks...
47 INFO: Analyzing base_library.zip ...
1869 INFO: Processing pre-find module path hook   distutils
3030 INFO: running Analysis out00-Analysis.toc
3039 INFO: Caching module hooks...
3046 INFO: Analyzing /home/neilharris/Documents/Python_Projects/transcoder/main.py
3089 INFO: Loading module hooks...
3089 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-xml.py"...
3353 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-encodings.py"...
3437 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-PyQt4.py"...
3438 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-distutils.py"...
3440 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-PyQt4.QtCore.py"...
3575 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-pydoc.py"...
3576 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-PyQt4.QtGui.py"...
3849 INFO: Looking for ctypes DLLs
3861 INFO: Analyzing run-time hooks ...
3867 INFO: Including run-time hook 'pyi_rth_qt4plugins.py'
3877 INFO: Looking for dynamic libraries
ldd: warning: you do not have execution permission for `/usr/local/lib/python3.4/site-packages/PyQt4/QtGui.so'
ldd: warning: you do not have execution permission for `/usr/local/lib/python3.4/site-packages/PyQt4/QtCore.so'
5115 INFO: Looking for eggs
5115 INFO: Python library not in binary depedencies. Doing additional searching...
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/local/bin/pyinstaller", line 9, in <module>
    load_entry_point('PyInstaller==3.2.1', 'console_scripts', 'pyinstaller')()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.4/site-packages/PyInstaller/__main__.py", line 90, in run
    run_build(pyi_config, spec_file, **vars(args))
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.4/site-packages/PyInstaller/__main__.py", line 46, in run_build
    PyInstaller.building.build_main.main(pyi_config, spec_file, **kwargs)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.4/site-packages/PyInstaller/building/build_main.py", line 788, in main
    build(specfile, kw.get('distpath'), kw.get('workpath'), kw.get('clean_build'))
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.4/site-packages/PyInstaller/building/build_main.py", line 734, in build
    exec(text, spec_namespace)
  File "<string>", line 16, in <module>
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.4/site-packages/PyInstaller/building/build_main.py", line 212, in __init__
    self.__postinit__()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.4/site-packages/PyInstaller/building/datastruct.py", line 161, in __postinit__
    self.assemble()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.4/site-packages/PyInstaller/building/build_main.py", line 543, in assemble
    self._check_python_library(self.binaries)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.4/site-packages/PyInstaller/building/build_main.py", line 626, in _check_python_library
    raise IOError(msg)
OSError: Python library not found: libpython3.4m.so.1.0, libpython3.4mu.so.1.0, libpython3.4.so.1.0
This would mean your Python installation doesn't come with proper library files.
This usually happens by missing development package, or unsuitable build parameters of Python installation.

* On Debian/Ubuntu, you would need to install Python development packages
  * apt-get install python3-dev
  * apt-get install python-dev
* If you're building Python by yourself, please rebuild your Python with `--enable-shared` (or, `--enable-framework` on Darwin)

有谁知道问题可能是什么？只是说我安装了 python3-devel 和 python-devel（关于打印输出末尾的建议。）谢谢

原文由 neilH 发布，翻译遵循 CC BY-SA 4.0 许可协议

Answer 1

对于 CentOS 类的 Linux 系统，请尝试使用以下命令重建 python 以生成共享库：

 env PYTHON_CONFIGURE_OPTS="--enable-shared" pyenv install 3.4.4

正如 pyenv官方文档 中所说

原文由 crifan 发布，翻译遵循 CC BY-SA 4.0 许可协议

Answer 2

您必须为您的 python 版本安装 python-dev

例如：

Debian/Ubuntu - Python 2.7 —> python2.7-dev

CentOs/RedHat - Python 3.4 —> python34-devel

CentOs/RedHat - Python 2.7 —> python27-devel

然而，其中一个错误可能令人费解：IOError(“Python library not found!”) PyInstaller 需要捆绑 Python 库，它是 Python 解释器的主要部分，作为动态加载库链接。该文件的名称和位置因使用的平台而异。默认情况下，某些 Python 安装不包含动态 Python 库（静态链接库可能存在但无法使用）。您可能需要安装某种开发包。或者，该库可能存在但不在 PyInstaller 正在搜索的文件夹中。

PyInstaller 查找 python 库的地方在不同的操作系统中是不同的，但是在大多数系统中会检查 /lib 和 /usr/lib。如果您不能将 python 库放在那里，请尝试在 Linux 中的环境变量 LD_LIBRARY_PATH 或 OS X 中的 DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH 中设置正确的路径。

参考

原文由 RaminNietzsche 发布，翻译遵循 CC BY-SA 3.0 许可协议