在 Tkinter 中打开 excel 文件并绘制图表

Question

我一个月前才开始写 Python，现在开始接触 Tkinter。我正在尝试构建一个程序，用户可以将 excel 文件打开到 Tkinter 中，显示数据框，用户可以选择特定的图形类型，插入 X 轴和 Y 轴的变量并绘制它。我已经使用 PAGE 构建了 GUI 的总体布局，但在如何向小部件发出显示数据框和绘制图形的命令方面存在问题。

这是我的 GUI 代码：

 import sys
from tkinter.filedialog import askopenfilename

try:
    from Tkinter import *
except ImportError:
    from tkinter import *

try:
    import ttk
    py3 = 0
except ImportError:
    import tkinter.ttk as ttk
    py3 = 1

def vp_start_gui():
    '''Starting point when module is the main routine.'''
    global val, w, root
    root = Tk()
    top = New_Toplevel_1 (root)
    root.mainloop()

w = None
def create_New_Toplevel_1(root, *args, **kwargs):
    '''Starting point when module is imported by another program.'''
    global w, w_win, rt
    rt = root
    w = Toplevel (root)
    top = New_Toplevel_1 (w)
    return (w, top)

def destroy_New_Toplevel_1():
    global w
    w.destroy()
    w = None

class New_Toplevel_1:
    def __init__(self, top=None):
        '''This class configures and populates the toplevel window.
           top is the toplevel containing window.'''
        self._bgcolor = '#d9d9d9'  # X11 color: 'gray85'
        self._fgcolor = '#000000'  # X11 color: 'black'
        self._compcolor = '#d9d9d9' # X11 color: 'gray85'
        self._ana1color = '#d9d9d9' # X11 color: 'gray85'
        self._ana2color = '#d9d9d9' # X11 color: 'gray85'

        top.geometry("757x1037+832+67")
        top.title("New Toplevel 1")
        top.configure(background="#d9d9d9")
        top.configure(highlightbackground="#d9d9d9")
        top.configure(highlightcolor="black")

        self.Canvas1 = Canvas(top)
        self.Canvas1.place(relx=0.04, rely=0.58, relheight=0.4, relwidth=0.92)
        self.Canvas1.configure(background="white")
        self.Canvas1.configure(borderwidth="2")
        self.Canvas1.configure(highlightbackground="#d9d9d9")
        self.Canvas1.configure(highlightcolor="black")
        self.Canvas1.configure(insertbackground="black")
        self.Canvas1.configure(relief=RIDGE)
        self.Canvas1.configure(selectbackground="#c4c4c4")
        self.Canvas1.configure(selectforeground="black")
        self.Canvas1.configure(width=695)

        self.Button2 = Button(top)
        self.Button2.place(relx=0.75, rely=0.52, height=42, width=138)
        self.Button2.configure(activebackground="#d9d9d9")
        self.Button2.configure(activeforeground="#000000")
        self.Button2.configure(background="#d9d9d9")
        self.Button2.configure(disabledforeground="#a3a3a3")
        self.Button2.configure(foreground="#000000")
        self.Button2.configure(highlightbackground="#d9d9d9")
        self.Button2.configure(highlightcolor="black")
        self.Button2.configure(pady="0")
        self.Button2.configure(text='''Generate Graph''')

        self.Labelframe1 = LabelFrame(top)
        self.Labelframe1.place(relx=0.05, rely=0.39, relheight=0.18
                , relwidth=0.44)
        self.Labelframe1.configure(relief=GROOVE)
        self.Labelframe1.configure(foreground="black")
        self.Labelframe1.configure(text='''Type of Graph''')
        self.Labelframe1.configure(background="#d9d9d9")
        self.Labelframe1.configure(highlightbackground="#d9d9d9")
        self.Labelframe1.configure(highlightcolor="black")
        self.Labelframe1.configure(width=330)

        self.Radiobutton1 = Radiobutton(self.Labelframe1)
        self.Radiobutton1.place(relx=0.06, rely=0.22, relheight=0.2
                , relwidth=0.31)
        self.Radiobutton1.configure(activebackground="#d9d9d9")
        self.Radiobutton1.configure(activeforeground="#000000")
        self.Radiobutton1.configure(background="#d9d9d9")
        self.Radiobutton1.configure(disabledforeground="#a3a3a3")
        self.Radiobutton1.configure(foreground="#000000")
        self.Radiobutton1.configure(highlightbackground="#d9d9d9")
        self.Radiobutton1.configure(highlightcolor="black")
        self.Radiobutton1.configure(justify=LEFT)
        self.Radiobutton1.configure(text='''Bar Chart''')

        self.Radiobutton2 = Radiobutton(self.Labelframe1)
        self.Radiobutton2.place(relx=0.06, rely=0.38, relheight=0.2
                , relwidth=0.35)
        self.Radiobutton2.configure(activebackground="#d9d9d9")
        self.Radiobutton2.configure(activeforeground="#000000")
        self.Radiobutton2.configure(background="#d9d9d9")
        self.Radiobutton2.configure(disabledforeground="#a3a3a3")
        self.Radiobutton2.configure(foreground="#000000")
        self.Radiobutton2.configure(highlightbackground="#d9d9d9")
        self.Radiobutton2.configure(highlightcolor="black")
        self.Radiobutton2.configure(justify=LEFT)
        self.Radiobutton2.configure(text='''Histogram''')

        self.Radiobutton3 = Radiobutton(self.Labelframe1)
        self.Radiobutton3.place(relx=0.06, rely=0.54, relheight=0.2
                , relwidth=0.37)
        self.Radiobutton3.configure(activebackground="#d9d9d9")
        self.Radiobutton3.configure(activeforeground="#000000")
        self.Radiobutton3.configure(background="#d9d9d9")
        self.Radiobutton3.configure(disabledforeground="#a3a3a3")
        self.Radiobutton3.configure(foreground="#000000")
        self.Radiobutton3.configure(highlightbackground="#d9d9d9")
        self.Radiobutton3.configure(highlightcolor="black")
        self.Radiobutton3.configure(justify=LEFT)
        self.Radiobutton3.configure(text='''Scatter Plot''')

        self.Button3 = Button(top)
        self.Button3.place(relx=0.28, rely=0.05, height=52, width=122)
        self.Button3.configure(activebackground="#d9d9d9")
        self.Button3.configure(activeforeground="#000000")
        self.Button3.configure(background="#d9d9d9")
        self.Button3.configure(disabledforeground="#a3a3a3")
        self.Button3.configure(foreground="#000000")
        self.Button3.configure(highlightbackground="#d9d9d9")
        self.Button3.configure(highlightcolor="black")
        self.Button3.configure(pady="0")
        self.Button3.configure(text='''Browse''')
        self.Button3.configure(width=122)
        self.Button3.configure(command=askopenfilename)

        self.Label5 = Label(top)
        self.Label5.place(relx=0.03, rely=0.06, height=31, width=147)
        self.Label5.configure(activebackground="#f9f9f9")
        self.Label5.configure(activeforeground="black")
        self.Label5.configure(background="#d9d9d9")
        self.Label5.configure(disabledforeground="#a3a3a3")
        self.Label5.configure(foreground="#000000")
        self.Label5.configure(highlightbackground="#d9d9d9")
        self.Label5.configure(highlightcolor="black")
        self.Label5.configure(text='''Upload File:''')
        self.Label5.configure(width=147)

        self.Label3 = Label(top)
        self.Label3.place(relx=0.05, rely=0.13, height=31, width=111)
        self.Label3.configure(background="#d9d9d9")
        self.Label3.configure(disabledforeground="#a3a3a3")
        self.Label3.configure(foreground="#000000")
        self.Label3.configure(text='''Data Frame :''')

        self.Text1 = Text(top)
        self.Text1.place(relx=0.05, rely=0.16, relheight=0.21, relwidth=0.9)
        self.Text1.configure(background="white")
        self.Text1.configure(font="TkTextFont")
        self.Text1.configure(foreground="black")
        self.Text1.configure(highlightbackground="#d9d9d9")
        self.Text1.configure(highlightcolor="black")
        self.Text1.configure(insertbackground="black")
        self.Text1.configure(selectbackground="#c4c4c4")
        self.Text1.configure(selectforeground="black")
        self.Text1.configure(width=684)
        self.Text1.configure(wrap=WORD)

        self.Labelframe2 = LabelFrame(top)
        self.Labelframe2.place(relx=0.5, rely=0.39, relheight=0.12
                , relwidth=0.45)
        self.Labelframe2.configure(relief=GROOVE)
        self.Labelframe2.configure(foreground="black")
        self.Labelframe2.configure(text='''Labelframe''')
        self.Labelframe2.configure(background="#d9d9d9")
        self.Labelframe2.configure(width=340)

        self.Label1 = Label(self.Labelframe2)
        self.Label1.place(relx=0.03, rely=0.24, height=31, width=67)
        self.Label1.configure(background="#d9d9d9")
        self.Label1.configure(disabledforeground="#a3a3a3")
        self.Label1.configure(foreground="#000000")
        self.Label1.configure(text='''X-axis :''')

        self.Label2 = Label(self.Labelframe2)
        self.Label2.place(relx=0.03, rely=0.56, height=31, width=66)
        self.Label2.configure(background="#d9d9d9")
        self.Label2.configure(disabledforeground="#a3a3a3")
        self.Label2.configure(foreground="#000000")
        self.Label2.configure(text='''Y-axis :''')

        self.Entry1 = Entry(self.Labelframe2)
        self.Entry1.place(relx=0.24, rely=0.24, relheight=0.29, relwidth=0.72)
        self.Entry1.configure(background="white")
        self.Entry1.configure(disabledforeground="#a3a3a3")
        self.Entry1.configure(font="TkFixedFont")
        self.Entry1.configure(foreground="#000000")
        self.Entry1.configure(insertbackground="black")
        self.Entry1.configure(width=244)

        self.Entry2 = Entry(self.Labelframe2)
        self.Entry2.place(relx=0.24, rely=0.56, relheight=0.29, relwidth=0.72)
        self.Entry2.configure(background="white")
        self.Entry2.configure(disabledforeground="#a3a3a3")
        self.Entry2.configure(font="TkFixedFont")
        self.Entry2.configure(foreground="#000000")
        self.Entry2.configure(insertbackground="black")
        self.Entry2.configure(width=244)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    vp_start_gui()

我知道如何将数据保存到数据框中并在 Python 中绘制图形，但我不确定在涉及 GUI 时在哪里编写这些代码。我所能做的就是向“浏览”按钮发出命令以搜索 excel 文件。

 self.Button3.configure(command=askopenfilename)

有人能帮我吗：

1. 如何将从命令中选择的 excel 文件保存到数据框中
2. 如何将数据框显示到下面的文本框中
3. 如何使用在底部画布上选择的标准（图形类型和轴）绘制图形

非常感谢。

原文由 A.Nizam 发布，翻译遵循 CC BY-SA 4.0 许可协议

Answer 1

import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import filedialog
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

root= tk.Tk()

canvas1 = tk.Canvas(root, width = 300, height = 300, bg = 'lightsteelblue')
canvas1.pack()

def getExcel ():
    global df

    import_file_path = filedialog.askopenfilename()
    df = pd.read_excel (import_file_path)
    df["Year"] = pd.to_datetime(df["Year"], format="%Y")
    ax = df.plot("Year", "Accidents",marker='o',color='r')
    plt.grid()
    plt.title('Yearly Graph')
    ax.figure.autofmt_xdate()
    plt.show()


browseButton_Excel = tk.Button(text='Import Excel File', command=getExcel, bg='green', fg='white', font=('helvetica', 12, 'bold'))
canvas1.create_window(150, 150, window=browseButton_Excel)

root.mainloop()

原文由 Kilaini SKillz Mutegeki 发布，翻译遵循 CC BY-SA 4.0 许可协议