新手上路，请多包涵

我有一个 Spring 3.2 MVC 应用程序，我正在使用 Spring MVC 测试框架来测试对我的控制器操作的 GET 和 POST 请求。我正在使用 Mockito 来模拟服务，但我发现模拟被忽略了，我的实际服务层正在被使用（因此，数据库被命中）。

我的控制器测试中的代码：

 package name.hines.steven.medical_claims_tracker.controllers;

import static org.mockito.Matchers.isA;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders.post;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.model;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.redirectedUrl;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.status;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.view;
import name.hines.steven.medical_claims_tracker.domain.Policy;
import name.hines.steven.medical_claims_tracker.services.PolicyService;

import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.mockito.Mock;
import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
import org.springframework.test.context.web.WebAppConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.MockMvcBuilders;
import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@WebAppConfiguration
@ContextConfiguration({ "classpath:/applicationContext.xml", "classpath:/tests_persistence-applicationContext.xml" })
public class PolicyControllerTest {

    @Mock
    PolicyService service;

    @Autowired
    private WebApplicationContext wac;

    private MockMvc mockMvc;

    @Before
    public void setup() {
        this.mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(this.wac).build();

        // this must be called for the @Mock annotations above to be processed.
        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
    }

    @Test
    public void createOrUpdateFailsWhenInvalidDataPostedAndSendsUserBackToForm() throws Exception {
        // Post no parameters in this request to force errors
        mockMvc.perform(post("/policies/persist")).andExpect(status().isOk())
            .andExpect(model().attributeHasErrors("policy"))
            .andExpect(view().name("createOrUpdatePolicy"));
    }

    @Test
    public void createOrUpdateSuccessful() throws Exception {

        // Mock the service method to force a known response
        when(service.save(isA(Policy.class))).thenReturn(new Policy());

        mockMvc.perform(
                post("/policies/persist").param("companyName", "Company Name")
                .param("name", "Name").param("effectiveDate", "2001-01-01"))
                .andExpect(status().isMovedTemporarily()).andExpect(model().hasNoErrors())
                .andExpect(redirectedUrl("list"));
    }
}

您会注意到我有两个上下文配置文件；这是一个 hack，因为如果我无法阻止控制器测试命中实际的服务层，那么该服务层也可能将其存储库指向测试数据库。我不再处于无法摆脱这种黑客攻击并且需要能够正确模拟我的服务层的地步。

为什么 when(service.save(isA(Policy.class))).thenReturn(new Policy()); 没有启动和模拟 PolicyService 中的保存方法？我在某处缺少一些 mockito 配置吗？我需要在 Spring 配置中添加什么吗？到目前为止，我的研究仅限于谷歌搜索“spring mvc test mockito not working”，但这并没有让我继续下去。

谢谢。

更新 1

@tom-verelst 你是对的，我指的是我测试中的 PolicyService service; 行，所以 MockMvc 中的服务当然会被 Spring 注入。

我做了一些研究，发现一篇博客文章很好地解释了 @InjectMocks 的用途。

然后我尝试用 --- 注释 private MockMvc mockMvc @InjectMocks 并且仍然遇到同样的问题（即 MockMvc 中的服务）。没想到它会像我一样被嘲笑。我在调试期间添加了堆栈跟踪，其中调用了 PolicyServiceImpl 上的保存方法（与模拟服务中对保存方法的所需调用相反）。

 Thread [main] (Suspended (breakpoint at line 29 in DomainEntityServiceImpl) PolicyServiceImpl(DomainEntityServiceImpl<T>).save(T) line: 29

NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Method, Object, Object[]) line: not available [native method]
NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Object, Object[]) line: 39
DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Object, Object[]) line: 25
Method.invoke(Object, Object...) line: 597
AopUtils.invokeJoinpointUsingReflection(Object, Method, Object[]) line: 317
ReflectiveMethodInvocation.invokeJoinpoint() line: 183
ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed() line: 150
TransactionInterceptor$1.proceedWithInvocation() line: 96
TransactionInterceptor(TransactionAspectSupport).invokeWithinTransaction(Method, Class, TransactionAspectSupport$InvocationCallback) line: 260
TransactionInterceptor.invoke(MethodInvocation) line: 94
ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed() line: 172
JdkDynamicAopProxy.invoke(Object, Method, Object[]) line: 204
$Proxy44.save(DomainEntity) line: not available
PolicyController.createOrUpdate(Policy, BindingResult) line: 64
NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Method, Object, Object[]) line: not available [native method]
NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Object, Object[]) line: 39
DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Object, Object[]) line: 25
Method.invoke(Object, Object...) line: 597
ServletInvocableHandlerMethod(InvocableHandlerMethod).invoke(Object...) line: 219
ServletInvocableHandlerMethod(InvocableHandlerMethod).invokeForRequest(NativeWebRequest, ModelAndViewContainer, Object...) line: 132
ServletInvocableHandlerMethod.invokeAndHandle(ServletWebRequest, ModelAndViewContainer, Object...) line: 104
RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.invokeHandleMethod(HttpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse, HandlerMethod) line: 746
RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.handleInternal(HttpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse, HandlerMethod) line: 687
RequestMappingHandlerAdapter(AbstractHandlerMethodAdapter).handle(HttpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse, Object) line: 80
TestDispatcherServlet(DispatcherServlet).doDispatch(HttpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse) line: 925
TestDispatcherServlet(DispatcherServlet).doService(HttpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse) line: 856
TestDispatcherServlet(FrameworkServlet).processRequest(HttpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse) line: 915
TestDispatcherServlet(FrameworkServlet).doPost(HttpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse) line: 822
TestDispatcherServlet(HttpServlet).service(HttpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse) line: 727
TestDispatcherServlet(FrameworkServlet).service(HttpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse) line: 796
TestDispatcherServlet.service(HttpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse) line: 66
TestDispatcherServlet(HttpServlet).service(ServletRequest, ServletResponse) line: 820
MockFilterChain$ServletFilterProxy.doFilter(ServletRequest, ServletResponse, FilterChain) line: 168
MockFilterChain.doFilter(ServletRequest, ServletResponse) line: 136
MockMvc.perform(RequestBuilder) line: 134
PolicyControllerTest.createOrUpdateSuccessful() line: 67
NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Method, Object, Object[]) line: not available [native method]
NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Object, Object[]) line: 39
DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Object, Object[]) line: 25
Method.invoke(Object, Object...) line: 597
FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall() line: 44
FrameworkMethod$1(ReflectiveCallable).run() line: 15
FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(Object, Object...) line: 41
InvokeMethod.evaluate() line: 20
RunBefores.evaluate() line: 28
RunBeforeTestMethodCallbacks.evaluate() line: 74
RunAfterTestMethodCallbacks.evaluate() line: 83
SpringRepeat.evaluate() line: 72
SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(FrameworkMethod, RunNotifier) line: 231
SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(Object, RunNotifier) line: 88
ParentRunner$3.run() line: 193
ParentRunner$1.schedule(Runnable) line: 52
SpringJUnit4ClassRunner(ParentRunner<T>).runChildren(RunNotifier) line: 191
ParentRunner<T>.access$000(ParentRunner, RunNotifier) line: 42
ParentRunner$2.evaluate() line: 184
RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate() line: 61
RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate() line: 71
SpringJUnit4ClassRunner(ParentRunner<T>).run(RunNotifier) line: 236
SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(RunNotifier) line: 174
JUnit4TestMethodReference(JUnit4TestReference).run(TestExecution) line: 50
TestExecution.run(ITestReference[]) line: 38
RemoteTestRunner.runTests(String[], String, TestExecution) line: 467
RemoteTestRunner.runTests(TestExecution) line: 683
RemoteTestRunner.run() line: 390
RemoteTestRunner.main(String[]) line: 197

更多研究（ Mockito Injecting Null values into a Spring bean when using @Mock? ）建议将 @InjectMocks 应用于 PolicyController 测试中的成员变量，但正如其中一个在第一个链接中回答，这什么都不做，因为 Spring 对此一无所知。

原文由 stevenghines 发布，翻译遵循 CC BY-SA 4.0 许可协议

java spring spring-mvc mocking mockito

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2 个回答

得票最新

社区维基

发布于
2022-11-22

✓ 已被采纳

多亏了@J Andy 的思路，我意识到我在这方面走错了路。在更新 1 中，我试图将模拟服务注入 MockMvc 但退后一步后，我意识到它不是 MockMvc 正在测试中，它是 PolicyController 我想测试一下。

为了提供一些背景知识，我想避免在我的 Spring MVC 应用程序中对 @Controllers 进行传统的单元测试，因为我想测试仅通过在 Spring 本身内运行控制器提供的东西（例如，对控制器操作的 RESTful 调用）。这可以通过使用 Spring MVC 测试框架来实现，该框架允许您在 Spring 中运行测试。

您将从我最初问题中的代码中看到，我在 WebApplicationContext （即 this.mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(this.wac).build(); ）中运行 Spring MVC 测试，而我应该做的是独立运行。独立运行允许我直接注入我想要测试的控制器，因此可以控制服务注入控制器的方式（即强制使用模拟服务）。

这在代码中更容易解释。所以对于以下控制器：

 import javax.validation.Valid;

import name.hines.steven.medical_claims_tracker.domain.Benefit;
import name.hines.steven.medical_claims_tracker.domain.Policy;
import name.hines.steven.medical_claims_tracker.services.DomainEntityService;
import name.hines.steven.medical_claims_tracker.services.PolicyService;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.validation.BindingResult;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ModelAttribute;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/policies")
public class PolicyController extends DomainEntityController<Policy> {

    @Autowired
    private PolicyService service;

    @RequestMapping(value = "persist", method = RequestMethod.POST)
    public String createOrUpdate(@Valid @ModelAttribute("policy") Policy policy, BindingResult result) {
        if (result.hasErrors()) {
            return "createOrUpdatePolicyForm";
        }
        service.save(policy);
        return "redirect:list";
    }
}

我现在有以下测试类，其中服务已成功模拟并且不再命中我的测试数据库：

 package name.hines.steven.medical_claims_tracker.controllers;

import static org.mockito.Matchers.isA;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders.post;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.model;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.redirectedUrl;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.status;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.view;
import name.hines.steven.medical_claims_tracker.domain.Policy;
import name.hines.steven.medical_claims_tracker.services.PolicyService;

import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.mockito.InjectMocks;
import org.mockito.Mock;
import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.MockMvcBuilders;

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration({ "classpath:/applicationContext.xml" })
public class PolicyControllerTest {

    @Mock
    PolicyService policyService;

    @InjectMocks
    PolicyController controllerUnderTest;

    private MockMvc mockMvc;

    @Before
    public void setup() {

        // this must be called for the @Mock annotations above to be processed
        // and for the mock service to be injected into the controller under
        // test.
        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);

        this.mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.standaloneSetup(controllerUnderTest).build();

    }

    @Test
    public void createOrUpdateFailsWhenInvalidDataPostedAndSendsUserBackToForm() throws Exception {
        // POST no data to the form (i.e. an invalid POST)
        mockMvc.perform(post("/policies/persist")).andExpect(status().isOk())
        .andExpect(model().attributeHasErrors("policy"))
        .andExpect(view().name("createOrUpdatePolicy"));
    }

    @Test
    public void createOrUpdateSuccessful() throws Exception {

        when(policyService.save(isA(Policy.class))).thenReturn(new Policy());

        mockMvc.perform(
                post("/policies/persist").param("companyName", "Company Name")
                .param("name", "Name").param("effectiveDate", "2001-01-01"))
                .andExpect(status().isMovedTemporarily()).andExpect(model().hasNoErrors())
                .andExpect(redirectedUrl("list"));
    }
}

在谈到 Spring 时，我仍然在学习很多东西，因此欢迎任何可以改进我的解释的评论。这篇博文对我提出这个解决方案很有帮助。

原文由 stevenghines 发布，翻译遵循 CC BY-SA 3.0 许可协议

社区维基

发布于
2022-11-22

我更喜欢 Mockmvc 的独立服务

提到为我工作

public class AccessControllerTest {

    private MockMvc mockMvc;

    @Mock
    private AccessControlService accessControlService;

    @InjectMocks
    private AccessController accessController;

    @Before
    public void setup() {
        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
        this.mockMvc =  MockMvcBuilders.standaloneSetup(accessController).build();
    }

    @Test
    public void validAccessControlRequest() throws Exception {
        Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
        bundle.setAuthorized(false);
        Mockito.when(accessControlService.retrievePatient(any(String.class)))
         .thenReturn(bundle);

        mockMvc.perform(get("/access/user?user=3")).andExpect(status().isOk());
}

原文由 Swarit Agarwal 发布，翻译遵循 CC BY-SA 3.0 许可协议

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