如何在 Java 中取消转义 Java 字符串文字?

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我正在使用 Java 处理一些 Java 源代码。我正在提取字符串文字并将它们提供给采用字符串的函数。问题是我需要将字符串的未转义版本传递给函数(即这意味着将 \n 转换为换行符,并将 \\ 转换为单个 \ 等)。

Java API 中是否有执行此操作的函数?如果没有,我可以从一些图书馆获得这样的功能吗?显然,Java 编译器必须进行这种转换。

原文由 ziggystar 发布,翻译遵循 CC BY-SA 4.0 许可协议

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2 个回答

问题

这里作为另一个答案给出的 org.apache.commons.lang.StringEscapeUtils.unescapeJava() 几乎没有什么帮助。

  • 它忘记了 \0 为空。
  • 根本 不处理八进制。
  • It can’t handle the sorts of escapes admitted by the java.util.regex.Pattern.compile() and everything that uses it, including \a , \e , and especially \cX
  • 它不支持数字逻辑 Unicode 代码点,仅支持 UTF-16。
  • 这看起来像 UCS-2 代码,而不是 UTF-16 代码:他们使用折旧的 charAt 接口而不是 codePoint 接口,从而传播了 Java char 保证包含 Unicode 字符。它不是。他们只能逃避这一点,因为没有 UTF-16 代理最终会寻找他们正在寻找的任何东西。

解决方案

我写了一个 string unescaper,它解决了 OP 的问题,而没有 Apache 代码的所有烦恼。

 /*
 *
 * unescape_perl_string()
 *
 *      Tom Christiansen <tchrist@perl.com>
 *      Sun Nov 28 12:55:24 MST 2010
 *
 * It's completely ridiculous that there's no standard
 * unescape_java_string function.  Since I have to do the
 * damn thing myself, I might as well make it halfway useful
 * by supporting things Java was too stupid to consider in
 * strings:
 *
 *   => "?" items  are additions to Java string escapes
 *                 but normal in Java regexes
 *
 *   => "!" items  are also additions to Java regex escapes
 *
 * Standard singletons: ?\a ?\e \f \n \r \t
 *
 *      NB: \b is unsupported as backspace so it can pass-through
 *          to the regex translator untouched; I refuse to make anyone
 *          doublebackslash it as doublebackslashing is a Java idiocy
 *          I desperately wish would die out.  There are plenty of
 *          other ways to write it:
 *
 *              \cH, \12, \012, \x08 \x{8}, \u0008, \U00000008
 *
 * Octal escapes: \0 \0N \0NN \N \NN \NNN
 *    Can range up to !\777 not \377
 *
 *      TODO: add !\o{NNNNN}
 *          last Unicode is 4177777
 *          maxint is 37777777777
 *
 * Control chars: ?\cX
 *      Means: ord(X) ^ ord('@')
 *
 * Old hex escapes: \xXX
 *      unbraced must be 2 xdigits
 *
 * Perl hex escapes: !\x{XXX} braced may be 1-8 xdigits
 *       NB: proper Unicode never needs more than 6, as highest
 *           valid codepoint is 0x10FFFF, not maxint 0xFFFFFFFF
 *
 * Lame Java escape: \[IDIOT JAVA PREPROCESSOR]uXXXX must be
 *                   exactly 4 xdigits;
 *
 *       I can't write XXXX in this comment where it belongs
 *       because the damned Java Preprocessor can't mind its
 *       own business.  Idiots!
 *
 * Lame Python escape: !\UXXXXXXXX must be exactly 8 xdigits
 *
 * TODO: Perl translation escapes: \Q \U \L \E \[IDIOT JAVA PREPROCESSOR]u \l
 *       These are not so important to cover if you're passing the
 *       result to Pattern.compile(), since it handles them for you
 *       further downstream.  Hm, what about \[IDIOT JAVA PREPROCESSOR]u?
 *
 */

public final static
String unescape_perl_string(String oldstr) {

    /*
     * In contrast to fixing Java's broken regex charclasses,
     * this one need be no bigger, as unescaping shrinks the string
     * here, where in the other one, it grows it.
     */

    StringBuffer newstr = new StringBuffer(oldstr.length());

    boolean saw_backslash = false;

    for (int i = 0; i < oldstr.length(); i++) {
        int cp = oldstr.codePointAt(i);
        if (oldstr.codePointAt(i) > Character.MAX_VALUE) {
            i++; /****WE HATES UTF-16! WE HATES IT FOREVERSES!!!****/
        }

        if (!saw_backslash) {
            if (cp == '\\') {
                saw_backslash = true;
            } else {
                newstr.append(Character.toChars(cp));
            }
            continue; /* switch */
        }

        if (cp == '\\') {
            saw_backslash = false;
            newstr.append('\\');
            newstr.append('\\');
            continue; /* switch */
        }

        switch (cp) {

            case 'r':  newstr.append('\r');
                       break; /* switch */

            case 'n':  newstr.append('\n');
                       break; /* switch */

            case 'f':  newstr.append('\f');
                       break; /* switch */

            /* PASS a \b THROUGH!! */
            case 'b':  newstr.append("\\b");
                       break; /* switch */

            case 't':  newstr.append('\t');
                       break; /* switch */

            case 'a':  newstr.append('\007');
                       break; /* switch */

            case 'e':  newstr.append('\033');
                       break; /* switch */

            /*
             * A "control" character is what you get when you xor its
             * codepoint with '@'==64.  This only makes sense for ASCII,
             * and may not yield a "control" character after all.
             *
             * Strange but true: "\c{" is ";", "\c}" is "=", etc.
             */
            case 'c':   {
                if (++i == oldstr.length()) { die("trailing \\c"); }
                cp = oldstr.codePointAt(i);
                /*
                 * don't need to grok surrogates, as next line blows them up
                 */
                if (cp > 0x7f) { die("expected ASCII after \\c"); }
                newstr.append(Character.toChars(cp ^ 64));
                break; /* switch */
            }

            case '8':
            case '9': die("illegal octal digit");
                      /* NOTREACHED */

    /*
     * may be 0 to 2 octal digits following this one
     * so back up one for fallthrough to next case;
     * unread this digit and fall through to next case.
     */
            case '1':
            case '2':
            case '3':
            case '4':
            case '5':
            case '6':
            case '7': --i;
                      /* FALLTHROUGH */

            /*
             * Can have 0, 1, or 2 octal digits following a 0
             * this permits larger values than octal 377, up to
             * octal 777.
             */
            case '0': {
                if (i+1 == oldstr.length()) {
                    /* found \0 at end of string */
                    newstr.append(Character.toChars(0));
                    break; /* switch */
                }
                i++;
                int digits = 0;
                int j;
                for (j = 0; j <= 2; j++) {
                    if (i+j == oldstr.length()) {
                        break; /* for */
                    }
                    /* safe because will unread surrogate */
                    int ch = oldstr.charAt(i+j);
                    if (ch < '0' || ch > '7') {
                        break; /* for */
                    }
                    digits++;
                }
                if (digits == 0) {
                    --i;
                    newstr.append('\0');
                    break; /* switch */
                }
                int value = 0;
                try {
                    value = Integer.parseInt(
                                oldstr.substring(i, i+digits), 8);
                } catch (NumberFormatException nfe) {
                    die("invalid octal value for \\0 escape");
                }
                newstr.append(Character.toChars(value));
                i += digits-1;
                break; /* switch */
            } /* end case '0' */

            case 'x':  {
                if (i+2 > oldstr.length()) {
                    die("string too short for \\x escape");
                }
                i++;
                boolean saw_brace = false;
                if (oldstr.charAt(i) == '{') {
                        /* ^^^^^^ ok to ignore surrogates here */
                    i++;
                    saw_brace = true;
                }
                int j;
                for (j = 0; j < 8; j++) {

                    if (!saw_brace && j == 2) {
                        break;  /* for */
                    }

                    /*
                     * ASCII test also catches surrogates
                     */
                    int ch = oldstr.charAt(i+j);
                    if (ch > 127) {
                        die("illegal non-ASCII hex digit in \\x escape");
                    }

                    if (saw_brace && ch == '}') { break; /* for */ }

                    if (! ( (ch >= '0' && ch <= '9')
                                ||
                            (ch >= 'a' && ch <= 'f')
                                ||
                            (ch >= 'A' && ch <= 'F')
                          )
                       )
                    {
                        die(String.format(
                            "illegal hex digit #%d '%c' in \\x", ch, ch));
                    }

                }
                if (j == 0) { die("empty braces in \\x{} escape"); }
                int value = 0;
                try {
                    value = Integer.parseInt(oldstr.substring(i, i+j), 16);
                } catch (NumberFormatException nfe) {
                    die("invalid hex value for \\x escape");
                }
                newstr.append(Character.toChars(value));
                if (saw_brace) { j++; }
                i += j-1;
                break; /* switch */
            }

            case 'u': {
                if (i+4 > oldstr.length()) {
                    die("string too short for \\u escape");
                }
                i++;
                int j;
                for (j = 0; j < 4; j++) {
                    /* this also handles the surrogate issue */
                    if (oldstr.charAt(i+j) > 127) {
                        die("illegal non-ASCII hex digit in \\u escape");
                    }
                }
                int value = 0;
                try {
                    value = Integer.parseInt( oldstr.substring(i, i+j), 16);
                } catch (NumberFormatException nfe) {
                    die("invalid hex value for \\u escape");
                }
                newstr.append(Character.toChars(value));
                i += j-1;
                break; /* switch */
            }

            case 'U': {
                if (i+8 > oldstr.length()) {
                    die("string too short for \\U escape");
                }
                i++;
                int j;
                for (j = 0; j < 8; j++) {
                    /* this also handles the surrogate issue */
                    if (oldstr.charAt(i+j) > 127) {
                        die("illegal non-ASCII hex digit in \\U escape");
                    }
                }
                int value = 0;
                try {
                    value = Integer.parseInt(oldstr.substring(i, i+j), 16);
                } catch (NumberFormatException nfe) {
                    die("invalid hex value for \\U escape");
                }
                newstr.append(Character.toChars(value));
                i += j-1;
                break; /* switch */
            }

            default:   newstr.append('\\');
                       newstr.append(Character.toChars(cp));
           /*
            * say(String.format(
            *       "DEFAULT unrecognized escape %c passed through",
            *       cp));
            */
                       break; /* switch */

        }
        saw_backslash = false;
    }

    /* weird to leave one at the end */
    if (saw_backslash) {
        newstr.append('\\');
    }

    return newstr.toString();
}

/*
 * Return a string "U+XX.XXX.XXXX" etc, where each XX set is the
 * xdigits of the logical Unicode code point. No bloody brain-damaged
 * UTF-16 surrogate crap, just true logical characters.
 */
 public final static
 String uniplus(String s) {
     if (s.length() == 0) {
         return "";
     }
     /* This is just the minimum; sb will grow as needed. */
     StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(2 + 3 * s.length());
     sb.append("U+");
     for (int i = 0; i < s.length(); i++) {
         sb.append(String.format("%X", s.codePointAt(i)));
         if (s.codePointAt(i) > Character.MAX_VALUE) {
             i++; /****WE HATES UTF-16! WE HATES IT FOREVERSES!!!****/
         }
         if (i+1 < s.length()) {
             sb.append(".");
         }
     }
     return sb.toString();
 }

private static final
void die(String foa) {
    throw new IllegalArgumentException(foa);
}

private static final
void say(String what) {
    System.out.println(what);
}

如果它对其他人有帮助,欢迎您加入——没有任何附加条件。如果你改进它,我很乐意你把你的改进寄给我,但你当然不必这样做。

原文由 tchrist 发布,翻译遵循 CC BY-SA 4.0 许可协议

您可以使用 StringEscapeUtils 来自 Apache Commons LangString unescapeJava(String) 方法。

这是一个示例片段:

     String in = "a\\tb\\n\\\"c\\\"";

    System.out.println(in);
    // a\tb\n\"c\"

    String out = StringEscapeUtils.unescapeJava(in);

    System.out.println(out);
    // a    b
    // "c"

该实用程序类具有为 Java、Java Script、HTML、XML 和 SQL 转义和取消转义字符串的方法。它还具有直接写入 java.io.Writer 的重载。


注意事项

它看起来像 StringEscapeUtils 用一个 u 处理 Unicode 转义,但不是八进制转义,或者 Unicode 转义与无关的 u .

     /* Unicode escape test #1: PASS */

    System.out.println(
        "\u0030"
    ); // 0
    System.out.println(
        StringEscapeUtils.unescapeJava("\\u0030")
    ); // 0
    System.out.println(
        "\u0030".equals(StringEscapeUtils.unescapeJava("\\u0030"))
    ); // true

    /* Octal escape test: FAIL */

    System.out.println(
        "\45"
    ); // %
    System.out.println(
        StringEscapeUtils.unescapeJava("\\45")
    ); // 45
    System.out.println(
        "\45".equals(StringEscapeUtils.unescapeJava("\\45"))
    ); // false

    /* Unicode escape test #2: FAIL */

    System.out.println(
        "\uu0030"
    ); // 0
    System.out.println(
        StringEscapeUtils.unescapeJava("\\uu0030")
    ); // throws NestableRuntimeException:
       //   Unable to parse unicode value: u003

引自 JLS:

提供八进制转义是为了与 C 兼容,但只能表示 Unicode 值 \u0000\u00FF ,因此通常首选 Unicode 转义。

如果您的字符串可以包含八进制转义,您可能需要先将它们转换为 Unicode 转义,或者使用其他方法。

无关的 u 也记录如下:

Java 编程语言指定了一种将用 Unicode 编写的程序转换为 ASCII 的标准方法,该方法将程序更改为可以由基于 ASCII 的工具处理的形式。转换涉及通过添加额外的 u 将程序源文本中的任何 Unicode 转义符转换为 ASCII — 例如, \uxxxx 变为 \uuxxxx 同时转换-while-源文本中的非 ASCII 字符到 Unicode 转义,每个字符包含一个 u。

这个转换后的版本同样可以被 Java 编程语言的编译器接受,并且代表完全相同的程序。稍后可以通过转换每个转义序列从该 ASCII 形式恢复确切的 Unicode 源,其中多个 u 存在于一个少一个 u 的 Unicode 字符序列,同时转换每个带有单个 u 的转义序列到相应的单个 Unicode 字符。

如果您的字符串可以包含带有无关的 u 的 Unicode 转义符,那么您可能还需要在使用之前对其进行预处理 StringEscapeUtils

或者,您可以尝试从头开始编写自己的 Java 字符串文字转义器,确保遵循确切的 JLS 规范。

参考

原文由 polygenelubricants 发布,翻译遵循 CC BY-SA 4.0 许可协议

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