如何在 Room 持久性库中使用外键

Question

我正在使用 android 中的房间持久性库，如果有人可以帮助我使用外键，如何使用外键获取数据，我将不胜感激。

原文由 Nirmal Prajapat 发布，翻译遵循 CC BY-SA 4.0 许可协议

Answer 1

只是为未来的读者总结以上帖子：

Kotlin 中的外键语法是

@Entity(foreignKeys = arrayOf(ForeignKey(entity = ParentClass::class,
                    parentColumns = arrayOf("parentClassColumn"),
                    childColumns = arrayOf("childClassColumn"),
                    onDelete = ForeignKey.CASCADE)))

Java 中的外键语法是：

 @Entity(foreignKeys = {@ForeignKey(entity = ParentClass.class,
    parentColumns = "parentClassColumn",
    childColumns = "childClassColumn",
    onDelete = ForeignKey.CASCADE)
})

注意：foreignKeys 是一个数组，因此在 Java 中将 @ForeignKey 元素包含在 { 和 } 中

您可以参考官方文档了解更多信息。 https://developer.android.com/reference/androidx/room/ForeignKey

原文由 rmutalik 发布，翻译遵循 CC BY-SA 4.0 许可协议

Answer 2

此处介绍如何在 Android Jetpack Room 中定义和访问一对多（ 外键）关系。这里的实体是 Artist 和 Album 外键是 Album.artist

 @Entity
data class Artist(
    @PrimaryKey
    val id: String,
    val name: String
)

@Entity(
    foreignKeys = [ForeignKey(
        entity = Artist::class,
        parentColumns = arrayOf("id"),
        childColumns = arrayOf("artist"),
        onDelete = ForeignKey.CASCADE
    )]
)
data class Album(
    @PrimaryKey
    val albumId: String,
    val name: String,
    @ColumnInfo(index = true)
    val artist: String
)

然后是嵌入对象（ 阅读官方 Android 文档：定义对象之间的关系）

 data class ArtistAndAlbums(
    @Embedded
    val artist: Artist,
    @Relation(
        parentColumn = "id",
        entityColumn = "artist"
    )
    val albums: List<Album>
)

最后是 DAO

 @Dao
interface Library {
    @Insert
    suspend fun save(artist: Artist)

    @Insert
    suspend fun save(vararg album: Album)

    @Transaction
    @Query("SELECT * FROM artist")
    suspend fun getAll(): List<ArtistAndAlbums>

    @Transaction
    @Query("SELECT * FROM artist WHERE id = :id")
    suspend fun getByArtistId(id: String): ArtistAndAlbums
}

尝试一下，（所有这些操作都发生在协程中）

 // creating objects
val artist = Artist(id="hillsongunited", name="Hillsong United" )
val artist2 = Artist(id="planetshakers", name="Planet Shakers" )

val album1 = Album(albumId = "empires", name = "Empires", artist = artist.id)
val album2 = Album(albumId = "wonder", name = "Wonder", artist = artist.id)
val album3 = Album(albumId = "people", name = "People", artist = artist.id)

val album4 = Album(albumId = "rain", name = "Rain", artist = artist2.id)
val album5 = Album(albumId = "itschristmas", name = "Its Christmas", artist = artist2.id)
val album6 = Album(albumId = "overitall", name = "Over It All", artist = artist2.id)

// saving to database
SongDatabase.invoke(applicationContext).library().save(artist)
SongDatabase.invoke(applicationContext).library().save(artist2)
SongDatabase.invoke(applicationContext).library().save(album1, album2, album3, album4, album5, album6)

注销所有艺术家

val all = SongDatabase.invoke(applicationContext).library().getAll()
Log.d("debug", "All Artists $all ")

D/debug: All Artists [ArtistAndAlbums(artist=Artist(id=hillsongunited, name=Hillsong United), albums=[Album(albumId=empires, name=Empires, artist=hillsongunited), Album(albumId=wonder, name=Wonder, artist=hillsongunited), Album(albumId=people, name=People, artist=hillsongunited)]), ArtistAndAlbums(artist=Artist(id=planetshakers, name=Planet Shakers), albums=[Album(albumId=rain, name=Rain, artist=planetshakers), Album(albumId=itschristmas, name=Its Christmas, artist=planetshakers), Album(albumId=overitall, name=Over It All, artist=planetshakers)])]

注销特定艺术家的专辑，

 val hillsongAlbums = SongDatabase.invoke(applicationContext).library().getByArtistId(artist.id)
Log.d("debug", "Albums by artist ID: $hillsongAlbums ")

D/debug: Albums by artist ID: ArtistAndAlbums(artist=Artist(id=hillsongunited, name=Hillsong United), albums=[Album(albumId=empires, name=Empires, artist=hillsongunited), Album(albumId=wonder, name=Wonder, artist=hillsongunited), Album(albumId=people, name=People, artist=hillsongunited)])

原文由 All Іѕ Vаиітy 发布，翻译遵循 CC BY-SA 4.0 许可协议