有没有办法杀死线程?

新手上路,请多包涵

是否可以在不设置/检查任何标志/信号量/等的情况下终止正在运行的线程?

原文由 Sudden Def 发布,翻译遵循 CC BY-SA 4.0 许可协议

阅读 423
2 个回答

在 Python 和任何语言中,突然终止线程通常是一种糟糕的模式。考虑以下情况:

  • 线程持有必须正确关闭的关键资源
  • 该线程创建了其他几个也必须终止的线程。

处理这个问题的好方法,如果你负担得起(如果你管理自己的线程),是有一个 exit_request 标志,每个线程定期检查它是否到了退出的时间。

例如:

 import threading

class StoppableThread(threading.Thread):
    """Thread class with a stop() method. The thread itself has to check
    regularly for the stopped() condition."""

    def __init__(self,  *args, **kwargs):
        super(StoppableThread, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        self._stop_event = threading.Event()

    def stop(self):
        self._stop_event.set()

    def stopped(self):
        return self._stop_event.is_set()

在此代码中,您应该在线程退出时调用 stop() ,并使用 join() 等待线程正确退出。线程应该定期检查停止标志。

然而,在某些情况下,您确实需要终止线程。一个例子是当你正在包装一个忙于长时间调用的外部库时,你想打断它。

以下代码允许(有一些限制)在 Python 线程中引发异常:

 def _async_raise(tid, exctype):
    '''Raises an exception in the threads with id tid'''
    if not inspect.isclass(exctype):
        raise TypeError("Only types can be raised (not instances)")
    res = ctypes.pythonapi.PyThreadState_SetAsyncExc(ctypes.c_long(tid),
                                                     ctypes.py_object(exctype))
    if res == 0:
        raise ValueError("invalid thread id")
    elif res != 1:
        # "if it returns a number greater than one, you're in trouble,
        # and you should call it again with exc=NULL to revert the effect"
        ctypes.pythonapi.PyThreadState_SetAsyncExc(ctypes.c_long(tid), None)
        raise SystemError("PyThreadState_SetAsyncExc failed")

class ThreadWithExc(threading.Thread):
    '''A thread class that supports raising an exception in the thread from
       another thread.
    '''
    def _get_my_tid(self):
        """determines this (self's) thread id

        CAREFUL: this function is executed in the context of the caller
        thread, to get the identity of the thread represented by this
        instance.
        """
        if not self.isAlive():
            raise threading.ThreadError("the thread is not active")

        # do we have it cached?
        if hasattr(self, "_thread_id"):
            return self._thread_id

        # no, look for it in the _active dict
        for tid, tobj in threading._active.items():
            if tobj is self:
                self._thread_id = tid
                return tid

        # TODO: in python 2.6, there's a simpler way to do: self.ident

        raise AssertionError("could not determine the thread's id")

    def raiseExc(self, exctype):
        """Raises the given exception type in the context of this thread.

        If the thread is busy in a system call (time.sleep(),
        socket.accept(), ...), the exception is simply ignored.

        If you are sure that your exception should terminate the thread,
        one way to ensure that it works is:

            t = ThreadWithExc( ... )
            ...
            t.raiseExc( SomeException )
            while t.isAlive():
                time.sleep( 0.1 )
                t.raiseExc( SomeException )

        If the exception is to be caught by the thread, you need a way to
        check that your thread has caught it.

        CAREFUL: this function is executed in the context of the
        caller thread, to raise an exception in the context of the
        thread represented by this instance.
        """
        _async_raise( self._get_my_tid(), exctype )

(基于 Tomer Filiba 的 Killable Threads 。关于 PyThreadState_SetAsyncExc 的返回值的引用似乎来自 旧版本的 Python 。)

如文档中所述,这不是灵丹妙药,因为如果线程在 Python 解释器之外很忙,它就不会捕获中断。

此代码的一个很好的使用模式是让线程捕获特定异常并执行清理。这样,您可以中断任务并仍然进行适当的清理。

原文由 Philippe F 发布,翻译遵循 CC BY-SA 4.0 许可协议

一个 multiprocessing.Process 可以 p.terminate()

在我想终止线程但又不想使用标志/锁/信号/信号量/事件/其他任何东西的情况下,我将线程提升为成熟的进程。对于只使用几个线程的代码来说,开销还算不错。

例如,这可以方便地终止执行阻塞 I/O 的辅助“线程”

The conversion is trivial: In related code replace all threading.Thread with multiprocessing.Process and all queue.Queue with multiprocessing.Queue and add the required calls of p.terminate() 给你想要杀死它的孩子的父进程 p

请参阅 multiprocessing 的 Python 文档

例子:

 import multiprocessing
proc = multiprocessing.Process(target=your_proc_function, args=())
proc.start()
# Terminate the process
proc.terminate()  # sends a SIGTERM

原文由 cfi 发布,翻译遵循 CC BY-SA 4.0 许可协议

撰写回答
你尚未登录,登录后可以
  • 和开发者交流问题的细节
  • 关注并接收问题和回答的更新提醒
  • 参与内容的编辑和改进,让解决方法与时俱进
推荐问题