重复的列名

Question

我更改了模型，然后尝试迁移它们，但出现此错误：

 python manage.py migrate
Operations to perform:
  Apply all migrations: admin, contenttypes, auth, sessions, myapp
Running migrations:
  Rendering model states... DONE
  Applying myapp.0002_auto_20160315_1544...Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/bootuz/final/myvenv/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 64, in execute
    return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
  File "/home/bootuz/final/myvenv/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/backends/mysql/base.py", line 112, in execute
    return self.cursor.execute(query, args)
  File "/home/bootuz/final/myvenv/lib/python3.4/site-packages/MySQLdb/cursors.py", line 226, in execute
    self.errorhandler(self, exc, value)
  File "/home/bootuz/final/myvenv/lib/python3.4/site-packages/MySQLdb/connections.py", line 36, in defaulterrorhandler
    raise errorvalue
  File "/home/bootuz/final/myvenv/lib/python3.4/site-packages/MySQLdb/cursors.py", line 217, in execute
    res = self._query(query)
  File "/home/bootuz/final/myvenv/lib/python3.4/site-packages/MySQLdb/cursors.py", line 378, in _query
    rowcount = self._do_query(q)
  File "/home/bootuz/final/myvenv/lib/python3.4/site-packages/MySQLdb/cursors.py", line 341, in _do_query
    db.query(q)
  File "/home/bootuz/final/myvenv/lib/python3.4/site-packages/MySQLdb/connections.py", line 280, in query
    _mysql.connection.query(self, query)
_mysql_exceptions.OperationalError: (1060, "Duplicate column name 'short_description_eng'")

The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "manage.py", line 10, in <module>
    execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
  File "/home/bootuz/final/myvenv/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 353, in execute_from_command_line
    utility.execute()
  File "/home/bootuz/final/myvenv/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 345, in execute
    self.fetch_command(subcommand).run_from_argv(self.argv)
  File "/home/bootuz/final/myvenv/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 348, in run_from_argv
    self.execute(*args, **cmd_options)
  File "/home/bootuz/final/myvenv/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 399, in execute
    output = self.handle(*args, **options)
  File "/home/bootuz/final/myvenv/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/core/management/commands/migrate.py", line 200, in handle
    executor.migrate(targets, plan, fake=fake, fake_initial=fake_initial)
  File "/home/bootuz/final/myvenv/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/migrations/executor.py", line 92, in migrate
    self._migrate_all_forwards(plan, full_plan, fake=fake, fake_initial=fake_initial)
  File "/home/bootuz/final/myvenv/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/migrations/executor.py", line 121, in _migrate_all_forwards
    state = self.apply_migration(state, migration, fake=fake, fake_initial=fake_initial)
  File "/home/bootuz/final/myvenv/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/migrations/executor.py", line 198, in apply_migration
    state = migration.apply(state, schema_editor)
  File "/home/bootuz/final/myvenv/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/migrations/migration.py", line 123, in apply
    operation.database_forwards(self.app_label, schema_editor, old_state, project_state)
  File "/home/bootuz/final/myvenv/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/migrations/operations/fields.py", line 62, in database_forwards
    field,
  File "/home/bootuz/final/myvenv/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/backends/mysql/schema.py", line 50, in add_field
    super(DatabaseSchemaEditor, self).add_field(model, field)
  File "/home/bootuz/final/myvenv/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/backends/base/schema.py", line 396, in add_field
    self.execute(sql, params)
  File "/home/bootuz/final/myvenv/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/backends/base/schema.py", line 110, in execute
    cursor.execute(sql, params)
  File "/home/bootuz/final/myvenv/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 64, in execute
    return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
  File "/home/bootuz/final/myvenv/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 95, in __exit__
    six.reraise(dj_exc_type, dj_exc_value, traceback)
  File "/home/bootuz/final/myvenv/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/utils/six.py", line 685, in reraise
    raise value.with_traceback(tb)
  File "/home/bootuz/final/myvenv/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 64, in execute
    return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
  File "/home/bootuz/final/myvenv/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/backends/mysql/base.py", line 112, in execute
    return self.cursor.execute(query, args)
  File "/home/bootuz/final/myvenv/lib/python3.4/site-packages/MySQLdb/cursors.py", line 226, in execute
    self.errorhandler(self, exc, value)
  File "/home/bootuz/final/myvenv/lib/python3.4/site-packages/MySQLdb/connections.py", line 36, in defaulterrorhandler
    raise errorvalue
  File "/home/bootuz/final/myvenv/lib/python3.4/site-packages/MySQLdb/cursors.py", line 217, in execute
    res = self._query(query)
  File "/home/bootuz/final/myvenv/lib/python3.4/site-packages/MySQLdb/cursors.py", line 378, in _query
    rowcount = self._do_query(q)
  File "/home/bootuz/final/myvenv/lib/python3.4/site-packages/MySQLdb/cursors.py", line 341, in _do_query
    db.query(q)
  File "/home/bootuz/final/myvenv/lib/python3.4/site-packages/MySQLdb/connections.py", line 280, in query
    _mysql.connection.query(self, query)
django.db.utils.OperationalError: (1060, "Duplicate column name 'short_description_eng'")

这是我的模型：

 class Words(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField(max_length=100, unique=True, verbose_name='Слово')
    audio = models.FileField(upload_to='audio', blank=True, verbose_name='Озвучка')
    short_description_rus = models.CharField(max_length=100, default='', blank=True, verbose_name='Условное обозначение Рус')
    russian = models.TextField(default='', blank=True, verbose_name='Русский')
    short_description_eng = models.CharField(max_length=110, default='', blank=True, verbose_name='Условное обозначение Eng')
    english = models.TextField(default='', blank=True, verbose_name='English')
    short_description_tur = models.CharField(max_length=100, default='', blank=True, verbose_name='Условное обозначение Tür')
    turkish = models.TextField(default='', blank=True, verbose_name='Türkçe')

怎么了？

迁移文件

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# Generated by Django 1.9.2 on 2016-03-15 15:44
from __future__ import unicode_literals

from django.db import migrations, models

class Migration(migrations.Migration):

    dependencies = [
        ('myapp', '0001_initial'),
    ]

    operations = [
        migrations.AddField(
            model_name='words',
            name='short_description_eng',
            field=models.CharField(blank=True, default='', max_length=100, verbose_name='Условное обозначение Eng'),
        ),
        migrations.AddField(
            model_name='words',
            name='short_description_rus',
            field=models.CharField(blank=True, default='', max_length=100, verbose_name='Условное обозначение Рус'),
        ),
        migrations.AddField(
            model_name='words',
            name='short_description_tur',
            field=models.CharField(blank=True, default='', max_length=100, verbose_name='Условное обозначение Tür'),
        ),
        migrations.AlterField(
            model_name='words',
            name='audio',
            field=models.FileField(blank=True, upload_to='audio', verbose_name='Озвучка'),
        ),
        migrations.AlterField(
            model_name='words',
            name='english',
            field=models.TextField(blank=True, default='', verbose_name='English'),
        ),
        migrations.AlterField(
            model_name='words',
            name='russian',
            field=models.TextField(blank=True, default='', verbose_name='Русский'),
        ),
        migrations.AlterField(
            model_name='words',
            name='title',
            field=models.CharField(max_length=100, unique=True, verbose_name='Слово'),
        ),
        migrations.AlterField(
            model_name='words',
            name='turkish',
            field=models.TextField(blank=True, default='', verbose_name='Türkçe'),
        ),
    ]

原文由 Bootuz 发布，翻译遵循 CC BY-SA 4.0 许可协议

Answer 1

您尝试运行的迁移给人的印象是数据库中存在某个列，但实际上并不存在，因为您在某个时候删除了它。因此，您需要通过伪造来回滚迁移以“说服”数据库存在迁移，然后重新应用迁移。

假设您的应用程序中有这些迁移 myapp ：

• 0001_initial.py
• 0002_something.py
• 0003_removedcolumn.py
• 0004_anotherthing.py

您将需要将迁移回滚到 该列仍然存在 的时间点。请注意，如果您在 prod 数据库中，您应该意识到这样做可能会导致潜在的数据丢失。

如果删除了 0003_removedcolumn.py 中的列，则需要运行： python manage.py migrate --fake myapp 0002_something 。

然后，您可以重新运行顺序迁移： python manage.py migrate myapp 。你的问题现在应该解决了！

从这里，您可以运行 python manage.py makemigrations 它应该可以顺利运行。

原文由 CodeBiker 发布，翻译遵循 CC BY-SA 4.0 许可协议

Answer 2

我遇到过同样的问题。基本上，原因是因为迁移认为数据库有这些列但数据库实际上没有，所以你需要一个过程来从迁移记录中删除那些不存在的列。

1.在您的代码中注释那些列。

2.重置迁移。

 find . -path "*/migrations/*.py" -not -name "__init__.py" -delete
find . -path "*/migrations/*.pyc"  -delete

3.做正常的初始迁移。

 python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate

4.在您的代码中，取消注释那些重复的列。

 python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate --fake

5.现在您的迁移和代码在同一页面上。我使用假让迁移相信 DB 有那些列，但实际上 DB 没有。

6.在您的代码中，再次注释那些重复的列。

 python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate

7.到这里，你就成功的从migrations中删除了那些列记录。在您的代码中，这些列也被注释了。他们在同一页上。

8. 在您的代码中再次取消对这些列的注释并进行迁移。

 python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate

9.然后它应该可以工作了。

这是适合我的情况的唯一方法。我希望其他人可以提供更简单的方法。

原文由 jiashenC 发布，翻译遵循 CC BY-SA 3.0 许可协议