如何让 numpy 在 Anaconda Python 3.7.6 中正常工作

Question

我正在尝试在 Python 中使用 NumPy。我刚刚安装了 Anaconda Python 3.7，一切似乎都很顺利。但是，我无法导入 numpy（使用行 import numpy ）。当我这样做时，出现以下错误：

     C:\Users\jsmith\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\numpy__init__.py:140: UserWarning: mkl-service package failed to import, therefore Intel(R) MKL initialization ensuring its correct out-of-the box operation under condition when Gnu OpenMP had already been loaded by Python process is not assured. Please install mkl-service package, see http://github.com/IntelPython/mkl-service
  from . import _distributor_init
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\jsmith\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\numpy\core__init__.py", line 24, in <module>
    from . import multiarray
  File "C:\Users\jsmith\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\numpy\core\multiarray.py", line 14, in <module>
    from . import overrides
  File "C:\Users\jsmith\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\numpy\core\overrides.py", line 7, in <module>
    from numpy.core._multiarray_umath import (
ImportError: DLL load failed: The specified module could not be found.

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "C:\Users\jsmith\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\numpy__init__.py", line 142, in <module>
    from . import core
  File "C:\Users\jsmith\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\numpy\core__init__.py", line 54, in <module>
    raise ImportError(msg)
ImportError:

IMPORTANT: PLEASE READ THIS FOR ADVICE ON HOW TO SOLVE THIS ISSUE!

Importing the numpy c-extensions failed.
- Try uninstalling and reinstalling numpy.
- If you have already done that, then:
  1. Check that you expected to use Python3.7 from "C:\Users\jsmith\anaconda3\python.exe",
     and that you have no directories in your PATH or PYTHONPATH that can
     interfere with the Python and numpy version "1.18.1" you're trying to use.
  2. If (1) looks fine, you can open a new issue at
     https://github.com/numpy/numpy/issues.  Please include details on:
     - how you installed Python
     - how you installed numpy
     - your operating system
     - whether or not you have multiple versions of Python installed
     - if you built from source, your compiler versions and ideally a build log

- If you're working with a numpy git repository, try `git clean -xdf`
  (removes all files not under version control) and rebuild numpy.

Note: this error has many possible causes, so please don't comment on
an existing issue about this - open a new one instead.

Original error was:
    DLL load failed: The specified module could not be found.

我可以在 Anaconda Navigator 的环境选项卡中看到它，当我尝试在 Eclipse(Pydev) 中使用它时，它显示在强制内置函数下。我查看了我的 PYTHONPATH，我在 Eclipse 中的环境和我的基本 python 目录 (jsmith/anaconda3) 都在其中。我已经尝试导入我在强制内置函数下看到的其他库，这些库工作正常，但 numpy 似乎是唯一有问题的库。调用 pip install numpy 告诉我它已经安装了 1.18.1 版。我查看了 这个 堆栈溢出页面，并在 anaconda 提示符下运行了答案中的第一个命令（ conda create -n test numpy python=3.7 --no-default-packages ）。这行得通，然后我意识到测试是针对这个问题的，于是尝试了 base，但得到了这个错误：

 CondaValueError: The target prefix is the base prefix. Aborting.

但是调用 conda activate base 什么也没做。

原文由 John Smith 发布，翻译遵循 CC BY-SA 4.0 许可协议

Answer 1

正如@cel 在使用 pip uninstall numpy 和 pip install numpy 卸载和重新安装 numpy 的评论中提到的那样，它可以正常工作。

原文由 John Smith 发布，翻译遵循 CC BY-SA 4.0 许可协议

Answer 2

我更好的方法是

import os
import sys
os.path.dirname(sys.executable)

这将为您提供通往环境的路径。将路径放入python的设置中

原文由 Golden Lion 发布，翻译遵循 CC BY-SA 4.0 许可协议