python selenium网页爬虫多线程并发执行偶尔会报错，请问是什么原因？

Question

公司有个需求需要将动态html保存为pdf文件，准备用python+selenium实现。调用chromedriver的Page.printToPdf命令，在页面加载完成后获取打印的response，最后转为pdf保存。考虑到并发性，用多线程模拟测试发现偶尔会出现报错，单个执行又没问题，不知道啥原因

python 3.9.0
selenium 4.16.0

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service
from selenium.common.exceptions import TimeoutException
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions import staleness_of
from urllib.parse import urlparse
import json
import base64


import threading
import time


def test():
    webdriver_service = Service(r"D:\work\chromedriver-win64\chromedriver.exe")
    webdriver_options = Options()
    webdriver_options.binary_location = r"D:\work\chrome-win64\chrome.exe"
    webdriver_options.add_argument('--no-sandbox')
    #webdriver_options.add_argument('--headless')
    webdriver_options.add_argument('--disable-gpu')
    webdriver_options.add_argument("--remote-debugging-port=9225")
    webdriver_options.add_argument("--incognito")
    #webdriver_options.page_load_strategy = 'eager'
    #webdriver_options.add_argument('--disable-dev-shm-usage')
    webdriver_prefs = {}
    webdriver_options.experimental_options['prefs'] = webdriver_prefs
    webdriver_prefs['profile.default_content_settings'] = {'images': 2}
    driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=webdriver_options, service=webdriver_service)
    print(driver.session_id)
    driver.get("https://www.baidu.com")
    driver.quit()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    t1 = threading.Thread(target=test)
    t2 = threading.Thread(target=test)
    t3 = threading.Thread(target=test)
    t1.start()
    t2.start()
    t3.start()

Exception in thread Thread-2:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\Lenovo\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib\threading.py", line 950, in _bootstrap_inner
    self.run()
  File "C:\Users\Lenovo\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib\threading.py", line 888, in run
    self._target(*self._args, **self._kwargs)
  File "C:\Users\Lenovo\Desktop\canon\pythonProject\http\convert_html.py", line 104, in test
    raise e
  File "C:\Users\Lenovo\Desktop\canon\pythonProject\http\convert_html.py", line 102, in test
    driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=webdriver_options, service=webdriver_service)
  File "C:\Users\Lenovo\Desktop\canon\pythonProject\.venv\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\chrome\webdriver.py", line 45, in __init__
    super().__init__(
  File "C:\Users\Lenovo\Desktop\canon\pythonProject\.venv\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\chromium\webdriver.py", line 61, in __init__
    super().__init__(command_executor=executor, options=options)
  File "C:\Users\Lenovo\Desktop\canon\pythonProject\.venv\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\webdriver.py", line 209, in __init__
    self.start_session(capabilities)
  File "C:\Users\Lenovo\Desktop\canon\pythonProject\.venv\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\webdriver.py", line 293, in start_session
    response = self.execute(Command.NEW_SESSION, caps)["value"]
  File "C:\Users\Lenovo\Desktop\canon\pythonProject\.venv\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\webdriver.py", line 348, in execute
    self.error_handler.check_response(response)
  File "C:\Users\Lenovo\Desktop\canon\pythonProject\.venv\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\errorhandler.py", line 229, in check_response
    raise exception_class(message, screen, stacktrace)
selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException: Message: disconnected: Unable to receive message from renderer
  (failed to check if window was closed: disconnected: not connected to DevTools)
  (Session info: chrome=120.0.6099.71)
Stacktrace:
    GetHandleVerifier [0x00007FF6341E4D02+56194]
    (No symbol) [0x00007FF6341504B2]
    (No symbol) [0x00007FF633FF76AA]
    (No symbol) [0x00007FF633FE0839]
    (No symbol) [0x00007FF633FE06EB]
    (No symbol) [0x00007FF633FDEE3D]
    (No symbol) [0x00007FF633FDF603]
    (No symbol) [0x00007FF633FDE026]
    (No symbol) [0x00007FF633FEEC0F]
    (No symbol) [0x00007FF633FE02A8]
    (No symbol) [0x00007FF633FDEE3D]
    (No symbol) [0x00007FF633FDF603]
    (No symbol) [0x00007FF633FDE026]
    (No symbol) [0x00007FF633FE8394]
    (No symbol) [0x00007FF633FE02A8]
    (No symbol) [0x00007FF633FDEE3D]
    (No symbol) [0x00007FF633FDF603]
    (No symbol) [0x00007FF633FDE026]
    (No symbol) [0x00007FF633FE55B2]
    (No symbol) [0x00007FF633FE02A8]
    (No symbol) [0x00007FF633FDEE3D]
    (No symbol) [0x00007FF633FDF603]
    (No symbol) [0x00007FF633FDE026]
    (No symbol) [0x00007FF633FD5EEA]
    (No symbol) [0x00007FF633FDD62D]
    (No symbol) [0x00007FF633FDD1DF]
    (No symbol) [0x00007FF633FF9931]
    (No symbol) [0x00007FF633FD040E]
    (No symbol) [0x00007FF633FCFCAC]
    (No symbol) [0x00007FF634070A1C]
    (No symbol) [0x00007FF634065C23]
    (No symbol) [0x00007FF634034A45]
    (No symbol) [0x00007FF634035AD4]
    GetHandleVerifier [0x00007FF63455D5BB+3695675]
    GetHandleVerifier [0x00007FF6345B6197+4059159]
    GetHandleVerifier [0x00007FF6345ADF63+4025827]
    GetHandleVerifier [0x00007FF63427F029+687785]
    (No symbol) [0x00007FF63415B508]
    (No symbol) [0x00007FF634157564]
    (No symbol) [0x00007FF6341576E9]
    (No symbol) [0x00007FF634148094]
    BaseThreadInitThunk [0x00007FF97B5E7C24+20]
    RtlUserThreadStart [0x00007FF97C3CD4D1+33]

Answer 1

试了下冲突主要是这行

webdriver_options.add_argument("--remote-debugging-port=9225")

这里共用同一个端口出问题了吧,去掉这行或者把端口做参数传入不同的端口测试正常